http://www.marshal.sh.cn/index.php zh-cn http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/402/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:01:55 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/402/ 要说现在网上牛人还是很多的，隔三差五的就能看见能掀人一跟头的乐子。下文的原作者（可惜没找到原始出处，豆瓣上也是转贴的）绝对是想象力丰富到了一定程度了。我个人觉得牛津剑桥等专业英语词典不收入这些词汇实在是英语语言的一大损失。
--------------------------
正文：
最近网上流传这么一句话，相当受欢迎：
Many people think they are full of niubility, and like to play zhuangbility, which only reflect their shability.
可见本国人民对于英语的热忱已经到了相当大的程度，本教程的目的旨在更好地指导大家使用这几个词的用法。
本教程首先对于niubility,zhuangbility,shability这几个词的
正确拼写作出以下修改建议：
      niubility：正确拼写应为newbility，名词
      zhuangbility：正确拼写为drunbility，名词
      shability：保持原拼写方式，名词
下面对几个词的词性作一下延展：
　　drunbility
　　1、drunbility的词根为drunb，动词，装逼的原意
　　     进行时：drunbing；过去时：drunbed；完成时：have drunbed
　　　　　例句：CCAV is drubing again during our dinner time, it has drunbed for many years since I have TV.
　　　　　　 　 CCAV又在晚饭时间装逼了，它自从我有电视起就在装逼已经这么多年了。
　　2、drunbee：名词，装逼的人，有装逼倾向的人
　　　　　例句：林志玲 is a drunbee, but my father likes her, which is disgusting.
　　　　　      　林志玲是个装逼的人，但是偶爸爸喜欢她，真恶心。
　　3、druber：名词，以装逼为职业的人，专业装逼者
　　　　　例句：朱军 is a drunber, he has been drunbing all his life, who is professional.
                      朱军是个职业装逼者，他一辈子都在装逼，是专业级的。
　　4、drunby：形容词，装逼的
　　　　　例句：The way you playing music by your mobile phone on a bus is very drunby, not metion the song is 求佛。
                   　你在公交车上用手机放音乐是很装逼的，更别说那歌是求佛。
　　5、drunblization：名词，装逼化
        　　例句：As more and more Starbucks running in China, the drunblization is getting worse and worse.
　　　 　　 　 随着越来越多的星巴克在中国运营，人民装逼化也越来越严重了。
　　6、drunblism：名词，装逼主义
　　　　　例句：The revolution of drublism in France starts in 1863, and people seems respecting that.
　　　　　　 　法国装逼主义运动起源于1863年，人们貌似很崇拜。
　　newbility
　　1、newbility词根为newby，形容词，原意为牛逼
　　　　 例句：I think the song named 你是我的玫瑰我是你的花 is very newby.
                   　我认为那首你是我的玫瑰我是你的花很牛逼。
　　　比较级：newber；最高级：newbest
　　　　 例句：There is no newbest, only newber.
　　　 　　 　 没有最牛逼，只有更牛逼。
　　2、newber：名词，牛逼的人
　　 　 例句：王小波 is a newber, and 罗永浩 is also a newber.
   　　 　　 　  王小波是个牛逼的人，罗永浩也是个牛逼的人。
　　3、newbable：形容词，可以牛逼的，值得牛逼的
　　 　　例句：I think the cup of 34E is newbable, you should be proud.
　　 　　 　　我认为34E的罩杯很值得牛逼，你应该自豪。
　　4、newbilization：名词，牛逼化
　　 　　例句：The newbilization of white collar is a global problem.
　　 　　 　　白领牛逼化是个全球性的问题。
　　shability

　　1、shability词根为shaby，名词，傻~~~逼
　　 　　例句：周杰伦 thinks 崔健 is a shaby, which turns out 周 is the real big shaby.
　　 　　 　　周杰伦认为崔健是傻~~~逼，结果周才是真正的大傻~~~逼。
　　2、shability，名词，傻~~~逼能力
　　 　　例句：The power of your shability is as damagable as the earthquake.
　　 　　 　　你傻~~~逼的能力犹如地震一样具有毁灭性。
　　3、shabilization，名词，傻~~~逼化
　　 　　例句：The CCAV news causes the citizen shabilization.
　　 　　 　　CCAV的新闻导致国民傻~~~逼化。

课后作业：
　　　　一、翻译句子
　　　　　　1、日本的傻~~~逼化进程已经完成，傻~~~逼比例与傻~~~逼能力均是世界第一的。
　　　　　　2、姜文的电影很牛逼，他是一个牛逼的人，希望中国电影都能牛逼化。
　　　　　　3、广~~电总局是个傻~~~逼的机构，但总认为自己是最牛逼的。
　　　　　　4、装逼难，做一个装逼人更难，做一个职业装逼者难上加难，但是朱军做到了。
　　　　二、单词填空（运用所有上文出现过的单词）
　　　　　　1、The wirter of this tutorial is very ___________.
　　　　　　2、The picture of 陈冠希 and 阿娇 in bed is totally ________________ .
　　　　　　3、芙蓉姐姐 is a symbol of __________, and she is a ________.
Tags - 牛逼 , 装逼 , 傻逼 , 系统 , 完整版 , 英文用 , 法攻略 ]]> http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/395/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:11:22 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/395/ 贴出来学习下：
whats your asl? 你的，年龄，性别，地点？ (聊天用的)
how are you doing (or: how you doiin) 你好。
whats up 什么事？ 或是： 你好
lol 大笑 = laugh out loud
so long 一般不用它。。。意思是：再见
what are you into?(what you into) 你对什么感兴趣？
Im into you. 我喜欢你
Im into.... 我喜欢。。。 对。。。赶兴趣
wanna want to 和 wanted to 的省写
gonna going to 的省写。 不是 went to 的啊！
gay 同性恋（男） 有的美国男孩不喜欢与同性的人聊。
prick , dick , cock 骂人的。意思是，几吧

mother fucker 连妈都FUCK的人
blowjob 非常恶心的性行为。不解释了就
suck 恶心
fuck off 滚
idiot 傻蛋
hip hop , rock, rap,pop, 说唱，摇滚，说唱，流行歌
bah bye 再见
hot ,sexy ，goat 色鬼
what are you up to(what you up to) 最近怎么样
butt, ass 屁股
shut up . shut the hell up , shut the fuck up. 闭嘴
cuss , abuse 骂人
cut the crap 别废话
beat the shit out of you 把你的屎打出来
bullshit. 胡说
sit back 别管闲事儿
feel shit about oneself 感觉不爽
cool 酷
be good 听话
sorry ass 可怜的人，，，贬义词
kick 踢
shitty day 倒霉的一天。
oh yeah? 表示怀疑。。。。是么？
pic 照片
give it a shot. give it a go. 试一是
try me. 你试试。（A: I'll kill you B: try me) A：我杀了你。B：你试试.
do her. 上她。
be quiet 安静
what the fuck ,what the hell , what the hack, (wtf ) 真他XX的!
hobby 爱好
cute 可爱(美国人不长说“帅(handsome)" 用CUTE代替）可以说 a handsome car.
what do you look like (what you look like)你长什么样
how tall are you(how tall are ya)你多高
so what 那又怎样？？那又如何？？
cutie 可爱的人
pretty 漂亮,(指人和物) pretty girl. pretty flowers
faggot 笨蛋。同性恋
retard 听起来象烟鬼的人
d*amnit 他XX的
god d*amnit 他XX的
d*amn 妈的，倒霉！
suck 恶心（动词） you suck! 你恶心！，添
kick ass 不好惹的。
kick your ass 揍你。踢你的屁股。
a tough man 难对付的人
funny shit 有趣的东西
funny 有趣的
a piece of shit 一抛屎，
whole bunch of 一大群。一大堆
a bunch of 一群 一堆
kiss my ass 表示看不起你 ， 吻我的屁股
shit 屎 ,废话n
be pissed off 被惹恼 I've been pissed.(I've been pissed off) 我被若恼了。
piss off 滚！
dont know what you are talking about 不知道你在说什么
dont know what you were saying. 不知道你说了点什么
dont get it 不明白
get it? 明白了吗？
got it! 明白了！
dont bother 别去麻烦！
you know what Im saying? 明白我说的吗？
mad dog 疯狗。一般指人
are you mad? 你生气拉？
im mad 我生气拉！
im pretty mad at you 你真让我生气！
mad at= angry with
balls 蛋 ，是人身上的那个
pain in the ass 着急
pain in the ass about sth STH让我很急
Im scared 我怕拉
you are scared 你怕拉
back off 让开！
right on = right 对！
exactly 非常对！正是！
gotcha! = got you 抓住你拉！难住你拉！
I read your mind 我就知道你要说什么
I knew it 我料到拉！我就知道！
gotta go 我得走拉！
you know what? 你知道吗？(you know what? he killed her!) 你知道吗？他杀了她！
guess what 猜怎么了？
tell you what 。。。 我给你说啊。。。。
its not working! 不管用呀！
that works 那样可以
I rule! 有点象im cool 我牛！ 你牛是（you are cool)
kind of (kinda) sort of (sorta) 有点儿！
get me wrong 你冤枉了我！
who knows , god knows 谁知道呢！
did I make myself clear? 我是否使你明白拉？
did I make myself crystal clear? 比上边的口气重
get on it! 去做。。。把
Im just playing!=just kidding 开玩笑的
no offence(no offense) 别生气 ，（用于事先紧告）
juses 天呀！
geeze 天呀！
gosh = god 上帝呀！我的天呀！！！
I dont give a shit! 我不在乎
i dont give a fuck! 我不在乎
smart 聪明。不用clever
got disconnected 掉线拉！
got kicked 被踢拉！
got power outage 停电拉！
awesome 另人竟为的
take drug = do drug 吸毒
do weed = smoke 吸烟。
get high 过瘾的感觉
lets get high 性交
whats your number 这用法我只见过一次。你多大拉？
bi 对两性都感性去的 。
goo bi bitch 多情的对两性都感性去的婊子
porn 黄色的
blue 黄色
fuck that! = fuck that shit 去他的吧！
jack off 手淫
do you do weed? = do you smoke 吸烟吗？
dont be so sure about yourself 别太自信！
dont be so sure about that 别太肯定
homo 同性恋的
homo sexual 同性恋的
homo fuck =fucking homo 同性恋混
mind your own business 别管闲事
none of your business 没你的事；别管闲事
thats a little stronge 有点重了。（a: fuck you bitch! b:thats a little stronge I think) a:我XXXX婊子！b:骂的有点重了吧）
hell yeah! 可不是！太对拉！
I do whatever I like 我干我想干的
zip it 闭嘴
you wanna fight? 想吵架？
you wanna row about that? 想吵架？
you are so mean 你太没意思拉
dont be mean about that 别太没意思了啊
go ahead 可以
cell phone 手机
gal = girl
guy = boy
pee 尿尿
shit 拉屎
toilet 马桶
laptop 笔记本电脑
oops 哎幼
oops I farted again 呀！我又放了个屁
whats your connection 问你是用56K上网还是用宽带
hows your day 今天怎么样？
whore 妓女
hookshop 妓院
tit 奶头
belly button 肚脐眼
fine 好。有时表示不满。 你可以！
cause ,because, cuz 因为
Im done 我完拉！ 或。作某事做完拉
I made it.I did it 我成功拉
dont fool me 别耍我
dont lie to me 别给我说谎
crap up 废话（im craping up)我在废话
my treat 我请客
I cant believe it 不感相信
hold on 等会儿
brb , be right back 马上回来
Im crazy about her 她使我疯狂。表示你喜欢她。
she makes me sick 她使我恶心
native american 纯美国人
what about it 。。。。怎么样？(a've got a new CD.b:what about it?)A： 我又弄拉一盘CD 。B：那CD怎么样？
huh 有点象（是吧） so you 've got a new CD huh? 你买了一盘CD 是吧！
huh??? 什么？（单独用的）
kiddie 小孩儿
doggie style 象狗一样的方式。
son 小孩儿
sonny 小孩儿
loser 笨蛋
incompetent loser 无能的笨蛋
okie dokie , oky doky = ok
punk 废物
wanker 手淫者
that isnt funny 不可笑， 不怪
dont get funny with me 别无理
where are you located? 你在哪？
where is china situated? 中国在那？
moron 笨蛋
stupid 笨蛋
a stream of cuss 一顿骂
a stream of abuse 一顿骂
dont get smart with me 别耍花样
dont fuck with me 别他吗的捣乱
suck up to somebody 拍马屁
darn d*amn 的婉转行试
what does that mean? 什么意思？
whats your problem? 你怎么了你？（用于指责）
come on 快，来嘛~~，别那样了，
come on man 来呗！
lmaf , laugh my ass off 非常可笑
ridiculous 可笑的（贬义词）
go to bed! 滚开！
dumbass 笨蛋
stick my foot right up your ass 踢你的屁股，揍你。
why did you put on this nickname? (why you put on this namenick?) 为什么用这个名字呢？（不是指你的真名，是聊天时的 user name)
jackass 蠢货
hold the(your) breath 等等（是让你先闭嘴的意思）
pants 裤子
mall 超市 = supermarket
an awesome big promise 很大的诺言
thats your problem 那时你的事，是你自己的问题
how in the world can he do it to me 他怎么能这样对我呢！
I have to think about it 我得考liu 考 liu
so so 一般
Im too little = Im too young 我太小拉
so 那么，那，所以
fuck up ...被搞杂拉,不管用拉，...不好看(my computer is fucked up) 我的电脑坏拉，不运行拉。you've got a fucked up ass.你的屁股不好看。
fuck you up 让你吃不消
get a flat tyre 车轮跑气
bite me 狠我把。（用得意的语气）
weird 怪的
just chilling(just chillin') 休息 （用于回答或解释）
pimp 恶棍。
the other day 前几天
can you handle this? 你行吗？
get into such a mess 这么不幸（指遇到了困难的事）
such a dick 混蛋
show 节目
are you going to the movies? 你打算去看电影吗？
album 专集
evil 特别坏的。evil man 坏人
you dont have to say nothing 不需要说什么
you aint nothing 你什么也不是
aint = arent
he runs a candy store 他开了一个糖果店
candy 糖。。。不要用sweet
badass 坏蛋
you are sweet 你真好
you are such a sweetie 你真是个甜心儿
do me a favour 帮帮忙
I've got a favour for you to do 要你帮个忙
boot you off 把你踢出聊天室
chatroom 聊天室 ，不是chatting room啊
booter 踢人者
Im a badass 我是个坏人
get beat up 挨了一顿打，被打了
hang out 出外玩儿
hang out with 与...出去玩
its up to you 看你了
it depends 那要看看了。
son of a bitch 婊子养的
I have no clue,I dont know,I have no Idea 不知道
注意回答别人的 thanks 时用No Problem.或welcome, you are welcome. （你替我揍了x一顿，然后我说thanks,你答No problem.）（我借了你钱，你说thanks,我说welcome.) 出了力后回答谢谢用no problem.
do I know you? = do I have the pleasure of knowing you? 我认识你吗？
you have a nice attitude huh 你架子摆的不错呀
watch your language! 注意你的语言！
watch it! 注意！
look! = hey 嘿！
that makes me feel sleepy 那东西让我想睡觉。
black folks =nigger 黑人 ,用black people 也行
white folks 白人 , 用white people 也行
黄种人不能说 yellow folks 说 chinese就可以拉
gotta go do something 要去干某事拉
that is my fine girl 那是我漂亮的女友
she is fine. 她很好看
she is fine. 她身体很好，或人品不错
cant take it 招架不住，受不了
freak =weird 怪的。
freaky boy 怪男孩
pop up 突然弹出的东西，网夜等自动弹出的动作,或指弹出的网叶
hook up hook up the mic 插上麦克风 hook up some tickets for somebody 给....免费准备一些票.
computer freak 非常喜欢电脑得人，精通电脑得人
dumbass = stupid
sorry ass 可怜人
shoot 说吧
she's real cute 她真的很可爱，，与really cute 不一样
faggot = stupid = fag
fag = gay 同性恋的人
dont be like a kid 别向小孩一样
grow up 别向小孩一样
PM 下午 从中午12到晚上12
AM 上午 从午夜12点到中午12
be off 走开
be quick 快！
hurry 快！
hurry up 快！
Tags - english , 聊天 , 口语 ]]> http://www.marshal.sh.cn/08-cet4-6-articles/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Fri, 20 Jun 2008 13:08:15 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/08-cet4-6-articles/ 预测试题1.

1为了支援四川地震灾区，学生会组织全体同学进行捐款捐物；

2. 捐款金额不限，物资主要需要衣服、棉被、手电等；

3. 活动、时间地点

4. 所捐钱款和物资将会上交给中国红十字基金会（Chinese Red Cross Foundation）



Dear all students,

   In order to support earthquake-stricken areas in Sichuan, Student Union intends to organize a Donation Program and expects donation from all of you.

   You can donate money or materials. If you would like to donate money, please put your money into the donation box at the entrance to Teaching Building One. Two volunteer students are available there to offer help if necessary. If you would like to donate clothes, quilts or others, please bring them to our stand in front of the college canteen.

The Donation program will be held between 11:00 and 14:00, tomorrow and the day after tomorrow.

All the donated money and materials will be collected in order and submitted to Chinese Red Cross Foundation as soon as possible.
    On behalf of Student Union, we formally call on all students to make contribution and help people in earthquake areas rebuild their home and restore their normal life.



                                                              Student Union



预测试题二（四六级考生都要重点看）

Directions:  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on volunteering. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 很多大学生都做志愿者工作，如奥运志愿者、救灾志愿者等

2. 做志愿工作对于社会的贡献

3. 学生能从志愿工作中得到的收获



It is prevalent that a large number of college students are involved in kinds of volunteering work such as Olympic volunteering services and volunteering aid to earthquake-stricken areas. Some specific jobs include language service, medical service or even some specialized service.

Volunteering makes great contribution to society. On one hand, in case of any big event such as hosting Olympic Games, human resource is surely in great demand. Whatever a volunteer can do is helpful for the event. On the other hand, volunteering can make people friendlier to each other and only in this way can we build up a harmonious society.

Students can also reap great benefit from volunteering work. Students can improve their communicative skills and teamwork spirit. What’s more, students can broaden their horizon by meeting people from all walks of life and even all over the world.





预测试题三（四六级都要重点看）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to children in earthquake-stricken areas. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.       表示慰问和关心：如身体状况，家庭状况

2.       表示鼓励：如努力学习，好好生活

3.       举1-2个例子说明只要克服困难，一定能成功。



Dear children,

We are so shocked and sad to know about the earthquake which struck your hometown on May12. Though it took place one month ago, you may still be living under its shadow. We are sincerely wondering whether it is fine with you and your family.

Ruthless as the disaster is, people from all over the country show great concern for you. A large number of PLA came to rescue you, your family and friends; countless doctors and nurses came to offer first aid; and numerous volunteers came to offer their hands. For all the above help, please try your best to come out of any possible depression and work hard academically.

In fact, many famous people achieved success after great defeat or personal disaster. For example, Beethoven is totally deaf but he composes quite a lot of famous pieces; another example is Zhanghaidi, who is disabled but wrote her own book and inspired a generation of Chinese people.

So, as long as you overcome your current difficulties, you are sure to succeed in future.



预测试题四（六级同学重点看）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following table. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:



Total Subway Rail


1990
2000
2008

China
60km
200km
800km

France
1000km
1100km
1100km

Japan
600km
700km
700km




描述图表的变化 说明变化的原因 预测未来的变化  

From the table, we can easily find that China’s construction of subway rail is booming compared with that of other countries. In 1990, China owned only 60 km of subway rail, which is only one tenth of that of Japan. But in 2000, China more than tripled its subway rail kilometers but France and Japan only slightly extended their rail. In 2008, China has surpassed Japan by 100 km and came quite close to France.

Two conspicuous reasons can account for this change. On one hand, Chinese subway construction is developing fast during the past decades. Up till now, subway services are available in 6 cities and subway lines in two others are also under construction. On the other hand, subway construction in other countries such as France and Japan has obviously slowed down due to their mature and sufficient subway system.

So in my opinion, China is expected to continue extending its subway system by building more meters of rail and adding more new subway cities. In future, subway system will definitely benefit urban population and tourists as well.



预测试题五（四六级都看）

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of “Athletics Sports or Mass Sports?”. You are supposed to write 150 words based on the outline given below in Chinese.

1.       近十年来，中国的竞技体育发展迅猛；

2.       有人提出，发展大众体育更为重要；

3.       你的观点



竞技体育： athletics sports

大众体育：mass sports



In the past decade, Chinese athletics sports have been booming. In 1996 Atlanta, China won 16 gold medals; in 2000 China won 28 gold medals in Sydney and in 2004 Athens, China won 32. All of this shows that China is playing an increasing important role in international sports.

However, many people have doubt about this. They hold the view that development of mass sports is more important than athletics sports. On one hand, mass sports can contribute to the physical well-being of all citizens. On the other hand, athletics sports do cost a lot of money.

In my opinion, both are equally important. Athletics sports can boost national spirit and signify the improvement of the overall national power. Mass sports can advocate the importance of physical health and bring practical benefit to citizens. So only by developing both can China be a real power in sports.



预测试题六（都看）

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of “Benefits brought by Olympics 2008”. You are supposed to write at least 150 words based on the outline given below in Chinese.

1.       中国北京将于8月份举办第29届奥林匹克运动会

2.       奥运会给中国带来的好处（从2-3方面论述，如经济、体育、城市建设、公民素质等）

3.       祝福奥运会圆满成功



Beijing, China is to host the 29th Olympic Games in the coming August. It is the first time for China to host such a historical event and it is surely the pride of all Chinese people.

Olympic Games can bring about various benefits to China. Firstly, hosting Olympic Games can boost the development of Chinese athletics sports since China is eager to win more gold medals than ever before. Secondly, Beijing has sped up its urban construction by adding more stadiums, extending subway rail, building new airports terminals. Last but not the least, the government calls for all citizens to be a polite host and this can improve national moral standard.

I am sure Olympic Game in Beijing will be the greatest one in history and let’s keep fingers crossed and embrace the great date: August, 8, 2008.



预测试题七（四级同学重点看）

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of “Changes in my hometown”. You are supposed to write at least 150 words based on the outline given below in Chinese.

1.       简要介绍家乡的地理位置和历史

2.       描绘10年前的家乡状况

3.       描绘如今的家乡状况

4.       变化的原因



My hometown is Beijing, capital of China. It lies in the northwestern China and ranks one of the biggest cities in terms of urban construction, population and economic development alike.

Beijing 10 years ago was quite different. At that time, environment was quite terrible. The air was dirty, the sky grey, the streets noisy and people crowded. It was difficult to take a bus since there were too many people waiting to get on it.

But now, Beijing has taken on a new look. With 3 new subway lines, people find commuting is much easier and more comfortable than ever before. Meanwhile, with the improvement in environment protection, air is fresh and the sky is blue again.

All this change may be ascribed to our preparation for Olympic Games. We really want to be a qualified host and we have been doing our best. In short, I am confident that Beijing will be a much better city in China, even in the whole world.


预测之八：(地震引发的思考)众人拾柴火焰高 1 如何理解众人拾柴火焰高 2 举例说明

All Contributing to it, the flame is high

“All Contributing to it, the flame is high” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not all understand it so well. Actually, it means that there is strength in numbers. Put it simply, individual’s power and ability is too weak to perform a huge task. However, just as a number of streams converge into a vast ocean, so a team’s strength may be great enough to remove a mountain.

The saying also carries the message that cooperation and coordination are necessary, particularly in the modern society. To be sure, everybody has his own disadvantage and limited wisdom. Combining efforts can overcome this and make it possible to realize one’s own greatest potential. It is therefore that efficiency and capacity are enhanced in this manner. Thus,something can be achieved which seems otherwise impossible.

       The most notable example is Boeing plane production. A plane is composed of 10,000 parts. But almost every part is produced by different country, then assembled by American. This is impossible without coordination.

       Indeed, where there is a unity, where there is victory.  



预测之九：你的同学liming的父母得知你家房屋在地震中倒塌，写信邀请你暑假随同liming 回家。你写一封回信1表示感谢2告知你的打算

Dear Aunt,

       I would like to thank you very much for your cordially invitation that I go together with Liming back to you home during the summer vacation. And it is very kind of you to have such consideration for my situation at the terrible period of my life. But I am afraid that I will not go to stay with you.

   It is true that my house collapsed during the earthquake. I have no place to live for the time being. But at the thought of thousands of homeless people, I am determined to make use of my vacation to be a volunteer in the distressed area. I hope I can comfort those who are more unfortunate than me, or I can temporarily teach primary school students, even I can use my body and strength to be a construction worker. Anyway, I will go there to see if I can be of assistance in whatever way.

       Please excuse me for not accepting your invitation.

Thank you again

                                     Wanxin.

Tags - 08 , 英语 , 四六级 , 模拟 , 预测 , 作文 , cet , 4 , 6 ]]> http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/324/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Sat, 01 Mar 2008 12:12:55 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/324/ 推荐理由: 超敬业的同声翻译, 不仅翻译准确及时, 而且激情投入感情充沛,让人感觉就像是自己刚刚拍了艳照被人发现. .


Today I have come back to Hong Kong to stand before you and account for myself. I have never escaped from my responsibility. During the past few weeks, I have been with my mother and my family and my loved ones to show support and care and at the same time to have them support and care for me.

核心词汇解析
account for 1) 说明，解释；2) 占…比例
escape from从…逃脱, 推卸责任
escape=es(ex=out) + cape(catch)
I admit that most of the photos being circulated on the Internet were taken by me. But these photos are very private and have not been shown to people and are never intended to be shown to anyone. These photos were stolen from me illegally and distributed without my consent.

核心词汇解析
circulate = circul(circle圆圈) + ate v.循环，流通
intend to v.打算去…
illegal = il(not) + legal (合法的) + ly adv.违法地
单词组记: distribute, contribute, attribute, tribute
distribute = dis(away)+ tribute(give) = give away vt.分发，传播
contribute = con(fully) + tribute vt.贡献; 投稿 [助记]全部都给了
attribute to v.归因于
tribute n.贡品，颂词 [助记] 给国王的礼物
单词组记:consent, dissent, resent, sentimental
consent = con(共同)+ sent(=sense情感) n.赞同，同意=agreement
dissent = dis(not) + sent n.不同意 [助记]不同的情感 = disagreement
resent = re(against) + sent n.憎恨　[助记]　相对抗的情感=
sentimental[谐音]三屉馒头,失恋了只吃三屉馒头,所以是---a.多愁善感的


There is no doubt whoever obtained these photos have them uploaded on the Internet with malicious and deliberate intent. This matter has deteriorated to the extent that society as a whole has been affected by this. In this regard, I am deeply saddened. I would like now to apologize to all the people for all the suffering that has been caused and the problems that have arisen from this. I would like to apologize to all the ladies and to all their families for any harm or hurt that they have been feeling. I am sorry. I would like to also apologize to my mother and my father for the pain and suffering I have caused them during the past few weeks. Most importantly, I would like to say sorry to all the people of Hong Kong. I give my apology sincerely to you all, unreservedly and with my heart.

核心词汇解析
upload = up + load vt.上传(图片, 文件等)
download = down + load vt.下载(图片，文件等)
单词组记: mal-=bad坏
malice = mal + ice(冰) n.恶意;【律】预谋, 蓄意 [助记]在路上放一块冰，想让陈冠希滑倒，这是有预谋的恶意伤害。
malicious= malice(恶意) + ious(形容词) a.恶意的
mal-function n.功能紊乱
mal-nutrition n.营养不良
maltreat = mal + treat(对待) vt.虐待
单词组记: libra天平, deliberate, liberate, liberty, libertine, libido
一直到现在，英国的法院门口还站立着古希腊象征法律精神的正义女神(DICE)的雕像，她左手拿着神圣的天平Libra，象征着权衡和平等；右手拿着宝剑，象征着裁决和力量；眼睛被布蒙着，象征绝对的公正无私。
deliberate = de(强调) + libera(=libra) + ate a. 深思熟虑的, 故意的 [助记] 把你的想法放在天平上称量，引申为深思熟虑的，深思熟虑的结果当然是故意的
liberate = liber (自由=libera)+ ate vt.解放(让人民获得自由)
自由和天平有什么关系呢？
天平的主要作用就是要让两边重量相等，平等。解放全人类不就是让人民平等吗？人民解放军PLA：People’s Liberation Army liberation的职责就是解放全中国让中国人民平等自由
liberty n.自由
libertine这个单词叫"浪荡子"，原来就是“特别自由的人”的意思，” 挺（tin）自由（liber）的”
libido弗洛伊德的著作里面，他造出一个表示“性动力”的单词libido（中文翻译成“利比多”），表达的就是这种本源的不受控制的力量。
单词组记:deteriorate,interior, exterior, territory
deteriorate = de(down) + terior(土地) +ate(动词) v.使恶化; 败坏(风俗); 使变坏(品质等) [助记] 品格败坏的人就应该入土活埋。
interior = in(into) + terior(土地) a.内部的，国内的
interior design　室内设计专业
exterior = ex (out)+ terior(土地) a.外部的，国外的
territory = territ(=terior)+ ory(地方) n.版图，疆土
to the extent 到了….程度
in this regard 在这一点上 = in this case
单词组记: 神奇的-en可以把形容词名词变为你想要的动词
sadden = sad + d + en vt.使人悲哀
strengthen = strength(strong的名词) + en vt.加强（力量）
weaken = weak + en vt.削弱
lengthen = length(long的名词) + en vt.延长
shorten = short + en vt.缩短
tighten = tight + en vt.拉紧
loosen = loose + en vt.放松
还有一个超级牛的单词前后都加en
enlighten= en + light + en vt.启蒙；（用思想）照亮
intent n.意图，打算
unreservedly = un + reserved(保留的) + ly(副词) adv.毫无保留地
I know young people in Hong Kong look up to many figures in our society. And in this regard, I have failed. I failed as a role model. However, I wish this matter will teach everyone a lesson. To all the young people in our community, let this be a lesson for you all. This is not an example to be set for you.
核心词汇解析
look up to 仰望，尊重= respect
look down upon/on 鄙视，瞧不起
role model 榜样

During my time away, I have made an important decision. I will whole-heartedly fulfill all commitments that I have to date. But after that, I decided to step away from the Hong Kong entertainment industry. I have decided to do this to give myself an opportunity to heal myself and to search my soul. I will dedicate my time to charity and community work within the next few months. I will be away from Hong Kong entertainment industry indefinitely. There is no time frame.

核心词汇解析
whole-heatedly 全心全意地; single-mindedly一心一意地
fulfill one's commitment vt.履行…的诺言
entertainment industry 娱乐业
health =heal(恢复健康) +th(名词)
heal (v.治愈，恢复) 是health的反向构词
dedicate to 把...奉献给,投身于...
charity = char(=care关心)+ ity(名词) n.慈善，慈善事业 [助记]关心穷人就是做慈善
I have been assisting the police since the first day the photos were published and I will continue to assist them. After this press con., I have obligation to help them with their investigation and hope that this case can end soon as everyone I think has the same wish.

核心词汇解析
assist = as(to) + sist(stand) vt.(站在一旁来) 协助
press con. = press conference 新闻发布会
press free. = press freedom 言论自由
press 是“压”的意思，怎么会变成“新闻”，“言论”呢？
因为最初的报纸都是油墨印刷,需要把纸紧紧的压在刻版上才能印刷出字来.所以press有了一个引申意:n.出版业,印刷业. 出版印刷业不就是发布新闻和言论的阵地吗?
obligation n.义务
investigation n.调查
I would like to use this opportunity to thank the police for their hard work on this case. Thank you. I believe everyone’s priority now (and) my priority now is to stop the suffering and pain, for not letting this…we do not want to let this situation become more out of control. We need to protect all the innocents and all the young from matters like this. In this regard, I have instructed my lawyers to do everything possible within the law to protect all the innocents, victims of this case. I believe that a press statement is being issued as we speak on what my lawyers have advised me to do.

核心词汇解析
单词组记:prior to, priority
pri = pre是一个拉丁前缀表示before
[书面]prior to = [口语]before
小翻译 : 在你离开之前,请完成这项工作.
prior to your departure, please complete this task.
小翻译: 预先警告/通知 prior warning/notice
priority = prior + ity(名词) n.优先考虑的事情, 优先权
单词组忆: victor, victory, victim
vict中的V象征着胜利，vict-表示征服
victory n.胜利
victor =vict + or(人) n.胜利者, 征服者
victim = vict + im(我是) [助记]我是被征服了，当然就成了n.受害人，牺牲品
innocent = in + no + cent(一分钱) [助忆]兜里没有一分钱, 所以没有偷窃, 是无辜的 a. 无辜的, 天真的
instruct = in + struct(构造) vt.传授，告知 [助记]内心中去构建知识或信息


Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for coming here today and listening to what I have to say. I would like to also apologize once again to all the ladies and their families, my family and to everyone in Hong Kong and everyone in our society. I am deeply saddened by this. And I apologize to everyone (who) has to go through this. I would like to also thank you for giving me this opportunity to say what I have wanted to say all along in my heart.
I hope, after today, I can have your forgiveness. With regard to this case, with everything, everything that has happened, I am deeply sorry. I hope you all accept my apology and give me a chance. Thank you.
[书]with regard to关于= [口]about
Tags - 陈冠希 , 英文道歉信 , 难词 , 深度剖析 ]]> http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/272/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Sat, 19 Jan 2008 05:03:12 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/272/
Content
Well as they say content is key, you have to pick a topic from which you have a wide ranging knowledge.  If you can find a niche and strive to become an authority on the topic then people will pay attention.

The regularity at which you add content to your blog also provides a key point in determining whether visitor levels grow.  Frequently added content will help to drive new visitors to your blog whilst also providing regular readers with a reason to keep coming back.

Research research research
Keep your ear to the ground and finger on the pulse looking for the latest news and technologies.  Your users want to find cutting edge articles and if you can’t provide them they will find another site which can.

Create controversy
Now this is something I hear other bloggers mention a lot and to be quite honest I’m not too sure I totally agree, so let me explain.  If your articles cause controversy but you believe in everything your writing and feel you can back up your statements then I have no problem with this.  This is the start of a debate not a war, however, if your sole aim is to cause controversy with the aim of driving traffic and you can’t substantiate your claims/statements then I believe you will only create a negative long term impact on your blog.  Users are not stupid and do not like deliberate and underhand attempts for attention, plus it’s never a good idea to get yourself a bad reputation.

Passion and drive
Your articles must display your passion and drive for your desired topic.  Without this your articles will undoubtedly be a less then entertaining read and more than likely provide very little interest to readers.

Think SEO
You may have the best blog in the world but if nobody can find it whats the point?!  Consider how you name your articles, the keywords you use within your article content as well as your templates HTML structure to name but a few.  Have a look at SEO related sites such as Matt  Cutts dot com and SEO Trickster dot com to help increase your SEO knowledge as your blog will directly benefit.

Publicise
Promote your website and its articles on sites such as Digg, Stumbleupon or reddit.  If your article hits the spot and proves popular with readers then expect huge levels of traffic to descend on your blog, whilst obviously raising your profile.

Guest Blog
Guest blogging, although it could easily fit into the category above, further helps to raise your profile.  Offering articles to popular sites with similar content to your own (making sure you are referenced at the top of the article with a link back to your site) again increases awareness of you and your site, whilst also driving traffic.

Show personality
It is important to show your readers that you are a human being.  By allowing your personality to flow through your articles you can easily endear your readers to you.  This can help develop a sense of community and loyalty prompting repeat visits and high levels of commenting.  Remember users love an active site with frequent commenting.

Monetise
How does monetising make a successful blog?!  Well I guess it does depend on your ambitions for your blog, although as I’m sure your aware any money you make through schemes such as Google Adsense or the Yahoo! Publisher Network can be directly pushed back into your blog for programs such as Google Adwords or maybe you want to pay a friend to create a fresh design.

Network
Talk to other bloggers and listen to their views and opinions.  Not only can this gain you a very vital link if you get on well, but it can also provide you with a very nice topic for you to debate on your blog.  A bit of sensible blog rivalry (debating) never hurt anybody and again can gain you some much needed online attention.

Link to other blogs
Link to other blogs can work on many levels; firstly if trackbacks are enabled on the recipient site then you will receive a link back to your site and the possibility of further traffic and secondly, as stated above in the "Network" section, it can provide a topic for debate with other bloggers gaining you valuable attention.

Link bait
Although many users frown upon "link bait" (articles or content which are "guaranteed" to receive incoming links from other sites) you should never rule it out.  Increasing the amount of inbound links to your site will help increase your traffic levels through referrals as well as improve your natural search rankings, whilst also raising the profile of your site.

Encourage repeat visits
From a must have online tool that users just can’t live without to the killer list of resources, it is essential that users have a reason to keep coming back to your site.  Without this your site will have a very limited life span.  These reasons can also help to provide the required "link bait" as stated above.

Refresh your blog
It is important to visually refresh your blog over time as nobody wants to visit a site that looks like it was built in 1997 so try and keep up with the times.  Mixing up the design of your site can also offer further stimulation and greater levels of interaction to users helping to increase repeat visits and the time spent on your site.

Do not rest on your laurels
Finally it is important to remember that no matter how popular your website/blog you cannot afford to rest on your laurels.  Doing so means your website can only go in one direction, backwards.

Keep those ideas and enthusiasm flowing and I’m sure you’ll all side step this particular hurdle.  Happy blogging!!!


Tags - successful , blog ]]> http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/175/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Sat, 15 Dec 2007 03:07:37 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/175/ (9 mm pistol) 九○手枪
(Beretta M92 pistol) 九二手枪
(Browning 12.7mm M2 HMG) 五○机枪
(Browning 7.62mm M1919A4 MMG) 三○机枪
(Bursted barrel) 膛炸
(Japanese 38th Year Rifle) 三八大盖
(Japanese 38th Year Rifle) 三八式步枪
(M14 rifle) 五七步枪
(M1903 Springfield rifle) 三○步枪
(M1911A1 .45 ACP pistol) 四五手枪
(Mauser 96C Pistol) 自来得
同“驳壳枪”。
(Mauser 96C Pistol) 快慢机
(Mauser 96C Pistol) 盒子炮
(Mauser 96C Pistol) 驳壳枪
(Mauser M1888 Rifle) 汉阳造
(Mauser M1924 Gewehr) 中正式步枪
(Type 54 pistol) 黑星手枪
(Type 59 pistol) 红星手枪
(Type 65 rifle) 六五步枪
(ZB 26 LMG) 捷克制轻机枪 更新
AAT (Arme Automatique Transformable) (法文)通用机枪
General Purpose Machine Gun，GPMG(英文)通用机枪
Accelerator 枪机加速器
Accuracy 准确度
Accuralize 准确化
ACOG (Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight) 先进光学战斗瞄准具
ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) 柯尔特自动手枪弹
Action 枪机
Action shooting 战斗射击
Adjustable choke 可调式收束器
Adjustable sight 可调式瞄准具
Adjustable trigger 可调式扳机
Advanced primer ignition 提前击发
Airgun 气枪
Airsoft 软弹气枪
AK (Avtomat Kalashnikov) 卡拉什尼可夫自动步枪
Ambidextrous 双手通用
Ammunition 弹药
Annealing 退火处理
Anti-material rifle 反物资步枪，反设备步枪
Antique 古董枪
Anvil 底火砧座
AP (Armor Piercing) 穿甲弹
Aperture 觇孔
Aperture sight 觇孔瞄准具
Armorer 军械士
Arquebus 轻型火绳枪
火绳枪(matchlock)
Assault rifle 突击步枪
Assault weapon 攻击性武器
ATF (Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms Bureau) 菸酒枪械管理局
AUG (Arme Universal Gewehr) 陆军通用步枪
Autoloading 自动装填
Automatic 自动
在一般用法上通常指的是全自动(full automatic)，如自动武器(automatic weapon)。
Automatic pistol 半自动手枪
虽然按照原文应该直翻成自动手枪，指的通常是半自动手枪(semi-automatic pistol)。
Automatic rifle 自动步枪
Automatic safety 自动保险
BAC (Bindon Aiming Concept) 宾登式瞄准法
Backstop 挡弹墙
Backstrap 脊框
Baffle 缓冲板
Ball 弹头、弹丸
Ball powder 球状装药
Ball puller 挖弹钉
Ball screw 挖弹螺钉见“挖弹钉”。
Ballistic Coefficient (BC) 弹道系数
Ballistic pendulum 弹道摆锤
Ballistics 弹道学
Ballistite 枪榴弹推进药同 bandolier。
Bandolier 弹药带
BAR (Browning Automatic Rifle) 白朗宁自动步枪
Barrel 枪管
Barrel attachments 枪口附件
Barrel band 枪管箍
Barrel break-in 磨合枪管
Barrel extension 枪管延伸部
Barrel liner 枪管衬套
Barrel rib 枪管肋条
Barrel throat 膛喉
Barrel time 膛内时间
Barrel weights 枪管平衡块
Base wad 底垫
BATF (Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms) 菸酒枪械管理局
Battery 枪机待发
Bayonet 刺刀
Bayonet lug 刺刀座
BB 弹丸
BB Cap (Bulleted Breech Cap) 雷帽弹
BB gun 空气枪同“空气枪”(air gun)。
BDC (Bullet Drop Compensator) 弹道修正钮
Bead 珠状准星
Bearing surface 承载面
Beaten zone 危险区
Beavertail forend 獭尾式前托
Bedding 座床分成使用金属座床块(bedding block)、玻璃纤维座床(glass bedding)和柱承座床(pillar bedding)几种。
Bedding block 座床块
Belt 弹带
Belt 弹链
Belted case 带式弹壳
Belt-feed 弹炼/弹带给弹
Benchrest shooting 精确依托射击
Bent 撞针钩槽在撞针(firing pin)或主动撞针(striker)
Berdan primer 柏丹式底火
Bevel base 斜底边式
Biathlon 现代冬季两项
Bipod 双脚架
Birdshot 鸟弹
Black powder 火药、黑色火药
Blackout 黑视
出射瞳径(exit pupil
Blade sight 锋状准星
Blank 空包弹
Blank firing adapter 空包弹助退器 新增
Blank firing adapter 空包弹头破坏器 新增
Blinker 挡风片
Blish principle 布利斯原理
Block action 闭锁块式枪机
后膛闭锁块(breech block)
上升式(rising block)、
落下式(falling block)、
降下式(dropping block)、
滚动式(rolling block)、
转动式(turning block)、
翻动式(turning block)、
倾斜式(tilting block)
Bloop tube 准星延伸管
Blowback 气体反冲式
Blow-forward 气体前冲式
Bluing 烤蓝
Blunderbuss 喇叭型前膛枪
BMG (Browning Machine Gun) 白朗宁机枪弹
Boattail 艇尾型
Body armor 防弹衣 新增
Bolt 枪栓
Bolt action 栓式枪机
转栓式枪机(turn bolt)
直拉式枪机(straight pull)。
Bolt carrier 枪栓连动座
Bolt face 枪栓面
Bolt handle 枪栓拉柄
Bolt release 枪栓卡榫
Bolt way 枪栓滑道
Bore 枪膛
Bore diameter 膛径
Bore sight 枪膛归零
Boresighter 枪膛归零器
Bottleneck case 瓶颈式弹壳
Box magazine 盒型弹匣
Boxer primer 巴克瑟式底火
Brass 弹壳brass 本是黄铜(铜锌合金)的意思，一般弹壳(case)是由黄铜制成，故又称之。
Brass tumbler 清壳机见“滚筒清壳机”(tumbler)。
Break-in 磨合见“枪管磨合”(barrel break-in)。
Breakopen 折开式
铰练式枪身(hinged frame)。
Breech 后膛
Breech block 闭锁块
Breech plug 后膛螺锁
Breechloader 后膛枪
前膛式(muzzleloader)。
Bren LMG 布伦轻机枪 更新
Broach rifling 多点拉削法
单点钩削法(cut rifling)
拉刀(broach)
Brown Bess 棕贝丝
BTHP (Boat-Tail Hollow-Point) 空尖艇尾型弹头
BTSP (Boat-Tail Soft-Point) 软头艇尾型弹头
Buckhorn sight 鹿角型照门
Buckshot 鹿弹
Buffer 缓冲器
Buffer Spring 缓冲弹簧
Bull barrel 重型枪管
Bullet 弹头
Bullet trap 弹头捕阱
Bullpup 无托式 新增
Bullpup 犊牛头犬式
Bullseye 圆心
Bullseye shooting 圆靶射击
Burst mode 点放模式
Butt 后托、枪托同“后托”(buttstock)。
Button rifling 模头挤压法
Buttplate 枪托底板
Buttstock 枪托
C.L.P.(Cleaner, Lubricant, Preservant) 万用擦枪油
C.U.P.(Copper Units of Pressure) 单位铜压
Calibre 口径
Cam 凸轮
Cannelure 夹压槽
Cap 雷帽见“撞击式雷帽”(percussion cap)。
Caplock 雷帽式枪机
Carbine 卡宾枪、马枪、骑枪
Cartridge 子弹通常包含弹头(bullet)、弹壳(case)、装药(charge)、底火(primer)四部分。散弹枪的弹药叫霰弹(shell)。
Case 弹壳
Case cleaner 清壳机见“滚筒清壳机”(tumbler)。
Case head 壳头、弹壳头
Case mouth 弹壳口
Caseless cartridge 无弹壳子弹
CB Cap(Conical Bullet Cap) 尖头雷帽弹
Center hold 中心方位
Centerfire 中发式(子弹)
Chamber 膛室
Chamber pressure 膛压
Change lever 射击选择钮
Charge 装药黑色火药(black powder)，无烟火药(smokeless powder)。
Charger 填弹条
Checkering 雕花方格
Cheek piece 贴腮片
Choke 收束器
Choke tube 收束管同“收束器”(choke)。
Chrom plated 镀铬
Chronograph 测速仪
Clay bird 陶土飞靶
Clay pigeon 陶土飞靶
Clay target 陶土飞靶
Cleaning rod 通枪条
Click 刻度
Click 响
Clip 弹匣有时这个字也指 弹匣(magazine) 。
Clip 弹夹
Closed bolt 关闭式枪栓
Coating 镀膜
Coaxial machine gun 同轴机枪
Cock 待发
Cocked and locked 固锁待发
Cocking indicator 待发指示杆
Cold forging 冷锻
Collimator 准直仪
Comb 贴腮部
Combat shooting 战斗射击见 “战斗射击”(action shooting)。
Combat sight 战斗瞄准具
Combination gun 复合枪 更新
Condition of readiness 待用状况
Cook-off 炽发
Corrosive ammo 腐蚀性弹药
Crane 弹筒吊杆
Crimp 夹压
Crosshair 十字瞄准线
Crown 圆整枪口
Cryogenic tempering 深冷加工
Cut rifling 单点钩削法
Cyclic rate 循环射速
Cylinder 弹筒
Cylinder latch 弹筒闩
DA/SA 双动/单动模式见双动模式(double action)。
Damascene 镶嵌
Damascus barrel 大马士革式枪管
DAO (Double Action Only) 纯双动扳机
Decap 退底火
Decocker 击锤降下杆、待发解除杆
Decocking 降下击锤
Delayed blowback 延迟反冲
Derringer 掌心雷
Die 模具重装子弹时装在压床上使用的工具头，依不同功能需求可分整壳头(resizer，含退底火杆)、扩口头(expander)、座弹头(seater)。
Differential recoil 差异后座作用式
Disconnector 扳机脱离钩
Disintegration link 脱落式链钩
Dominant eye 优势眼
Double action (DA) 双动模式 更新
Double column magazine 双排弹匣
Double pull 双段扣发
Double tap 双发快射
Double Trap 双不定向飞靶
Double trigger 双扳机
Double-set trigger 设定式双扳机
Dovetail 鸠尾榫
Drag 阻力
Dram 英钱
Drilled and tapped 钻洞攻螺
Drilling 三管复合枪 更新
Dropping block 下降式闭锁
Drum magazine 弹鼓
Dry-firing 空发练习
Dud 不发弹
不能击发的子弹之俗称。
Dum-Dum 达姆弹头、达姆弹
Duplex cartridge 复头弹
Dust cover 防尘盖
Ear muffle 耳罩
Ear plug 耳塞


Ear protection 护耳用具
Ejection 抛壳
Ejector 抛壳顶杆
Ejector rod 退壳杆
Electronic sight 光电瞄准具
Elevation 高低调整
Engraving 雕花
Epoxy 环氧树脂
Exit pupil 出射瞳径
Explosive Bullet 爆炸性弹头
Extraction 退壳
Extractor 退壳钩、退壳器
Extractor groove 退壳钩槽
Eye piece 接目镜
Eye protection 护目用具
Eye relief 良视距
Falling block 落下式闭锁
Feed 上膛
Feed ramp 上膛坡道
Feedway 上膛坡道
Felt recoil 后座感
Fermeture nut 前锁环式
Field of view 视野
Field striping 大部分解
Firearm 枪械
Firing line 射击线
Firing pin 撞针
First Catch 接触点
First Graze 着地点
Fixed frame 固定式枪身
Fixed sights 固定式瞄准具
Flash eliminator 消火帽
Flash gap 炽焰间隙
Flash hider 防火帽
Flask 引药罐
Flat nose 平头弹
Flechette 镖弹
Flinch 突肩闭眼
Flintlock 燧石枪、燧发枪机
Floating barrel 浮动式枪管
Floor plate 弹仓底板
Fluted barrel 槽化枪管
Fluted chamber 槽化膛室
FMJ (Full Metal Jacket) 全金属包覆弹头
Folding bayonet 折叠式刺刀
Folding stock 折叠式枪托
Follower 托弹板
Follower 托弹臂
Follow-through 持续射姿
Forcing cone 导锥
Forearm 前护木
Forend 前护木
Forend cap 护木罩
Forend tip 护木头
Foresight 前瞄准具
Fouling 污垢
fps (Feet per second) 英尺/秒
Frame 枪身
Free floating 自由浮动式(枪管)
Free Pistol 自由手枪
Free Rifle 自由步枪
Front sight 准星 / 前瞄准具
Full automatic 全自动
Fulminate 雷汞
Furniture 枪体
Gain twist 渐进式缠距
Gas check 气罩
Gas operation 气体作用方式
Gas retarded 气体延迟反冲式
Gatling gun 格特林机枪
Gauge 铅径
Gewehr 枪
Ghillie Suit 嘎伊理式伪装服
Ghost ring sight 鬼环式瞄准具
Glass bead blast 玻璃珠喷沙处理
Glass bedding 玻璃纤维座床
GPMG (General Purpose Machine Gun) 通用机枪
Grain (gr.) 喱
Grip 握把
Grip cap 握把罩
Grip Safety 握把保险
Groove 阴膛
Groove diameter 阴膛径
Group 弹着群
Gun 枪
Gun case 枪盒/枪袋
Gun control 枪械管制
Gun powder 火药
Gunsmith 枪匠
Half cocked 半待发状态
Hammer 击锤
Hammer block 击槌保险 更新
Hammer forge 锤锻
Hammer spur 击锤顶纹
Hand 弹筒转杆
Hand guard 护手
Hand trap 手持抛靶器
Handgun 手枪
Handloading 手制子弹
Hangfire 迟发
Head 壳头、弹壳头
Head separation 壳头断裂
Headspace 壳头间隙
Headspace gauge 壳头间隙计
Heel 托踝
High capacity magazine 高容量弹匣
Hinge action 铰练式枪机
Hinged block 翻动式闭锁
Hinged frame 铰练式枪身
HMG (Heavy Machine Gun) 重机枪
Hold-open device 枪栓固定卡榫
Hollowpoint 空尖弹头
Holster 枪套
Hopper feed 漏斗给弹
Hot load 加码剂量
Ignition 引燃
Inertia firing pin 惯性撞针
Interchangeable barrel 可更换枪管
International Clay Pigeon 国际不定向飞靶
International Skeet 国际定向飞靶
International Trap 国际不定向飞靶
IPSC 国际实用射击联盟
Iron sight 金属瞄准具
Isosceles 等腰式射姿
Jacket 被覆层
Jag 擦枪头
JHP(Jacket Hollow Point) 空尖金属被覆弹
JSP(Jacket Soft Point) 软头金属被覆弹
Jump 枪口上扬
Kentucky Rifle 肯塔基来福枪
Keyhole 钥孔形弹孔
Kick 后座感
Kurz 短
Laminated 复合夹板
Land 阳膛
Lane 靶道
Laser sight 雷射瞄准具
Lead 铅
读音"led"，用来制造弹头或弹头核的软质金属，通常会混合一点其他金属以增加硬度。
Lead 膛喉
Lead fouling 铅垢
Lead shaving 削弹头
Lever action 杠杆式枪机
LMG (Light Machine-Gun) 轻机枪
Load 装药剂量
Loaded chamber indicator 上膛显示杆
Loading gate 装弹口盖
Loading port 装弹口
Loading press 装弹压床
Lock 枪机
Lock time 闭锁时间
Locking flaps 闭锁活板
Locking lug 闭锁凸耳
Long action 长枪机
Long gun 长枪
Long recoil 长后座行程
Long stroke 长气体活塞行程
LSW (Light Support Weapon) 轻型支援武器
Lug 凸耳
Lug 凸杆
Machine gun 机枪
Machine Pistol 全自动手枪
Magazine 弹匣
Magazine 弹仓
Magazine cutoff 弹仓隔断器
Magazine pouch 弹匣袋
Magazine release 弹匣卡榫
Magazine safety 弹匣保险
Magnum 麦格农
Mainspring 击发簧、击锤簧
Mannlicher 曼里契
Mannlicher stock 曼里契护木
Manual safety 手动保险
Marksman 神射手
Master eye 优势眼
Match 射击竞赛
Matchlock 火绳枪
Matt blue 钝蓝
Matt stainless steel 钝不锈钢
Mauser rifle 毛瑟枪
Maxim gun 马克沁机枪
Meplat 弹尖
Metallic sights 金属照门
Mil-Dot 毫弧度点
Milled 铣削 用机器加工切削成形。
Minie bullet 米尼式弹头
由法国陆军克劳迪．米尼(Claude Minie)上尉在1840年代发明的弹头，在其尾端有一个空洞，火药击发后产生的气体会进入空洞，将弹头尾端撑大，进而与枪膛里的膛线紧密咬合，造成气密将弹头射出。他这个发明让军用前膛枪也可以使用膛线，准确度和射程大为改进，却不影响装填速度。在他发明之后，各国都仿照他的弹头设计出各种不同但类似的弹头，到1854年的克里米亚战争和1960年的南北战争时，有许多部队已经配备了前装来福枪了。

Misfire 不发弹
子弹装药完全无法击发，可能原因是装药有问题，或者枪枝本身机件有问题。除非是在紧急状况下，一般遇到不发弹时至少要等30秒钟后才可以拉滑套或开启枪机来将子弹退膛，以免遇到子弹迟发，而在开锁时造成膛炸。

A
ACP: Automatic Colt Pistol, 柯尔特自动手枪子弹. 由柯尔特公司设计, 一系列用于其生产的半自动手枪子弹名称. 有.25 ACP, .32 ACP, .380 ACP, .45ACP等.
Action: 枪机。 为枪械的心脏。 不同的作业原理形成不同的枪机。 一般是包括机匣、 板机、 枪栓等控制上弹、 闭锁、 击发、 退壳等动作相关机件的统称。
Accurize: 精准化. 使枪械更精确. 一般是使各机件配合的更紧密, 减少可动的空隙, 该动的零件则使其更平滑, 换装较佳品质的零组件等.
Air Gauge：气量仪，制造枪管时，利用此仪器气体流量的多少，来判定枪管内部的公差，高品质枪管的内径非常一致，公差在十万分之一寸以下， 多用於精密枪管品质控制。
Ambidextrous: 左右双相. 枪械的控制功能如退弹匣钮, 滑套卡榫及保险钮等可用左手或右手操作.
Anvil: 底火基座. 弹壳中与底火接壤的部位, 当底火被压向基座时引发起爆, 上有喷火口导引喷流进入火药室.
Aperture sight, peep sight: 觇孔式照门.
Armor Piercing: 穿甲弹. 配有钢心的弹头, 以动能击穿装甲.
Assault Rifle: 突击步枪. 此名词最早源自纳粹德国的希特勒, 他将Stg 44 (Sturmgewehr 44) 取名为突击步枪, 因为这一类的步枪不使用大型步枪弹, 而使用一种中等强度的子弹, 且有全自动发射的能力, 算是一种新类型的武器. 是现代步兵的标准单兵武器.
B
Ballistic: 弹道学. 研究子弹击发后物理行为的学问, 一般分成内膛弹道, 外膛弹道和终端弹道三大主题.
Ballistic Coefficient: 弹道效率系数. 以数据代表弹头设计在飞行中保留速度的能力, 系数愈大, 表示弹头保持初速的能力愈好. 影响弹头飞行速度的主要因素为空气阻力和黏滞力. 简写为BC
Bandolier: 斜佩肩上的子弹带
Barrel: 枪筒, 枪管
Base: 瞄准镜座. 用来将瞄准镜固定于枪械上.
Bayonet: 刺刀、 枪刺。 有刀状单刃和双刃设计， 也有制成三梭锥形的简单式样。 近代多设计成多功能短刀式样， 在自动武器普及的情况下， 拚刺刀已经不符实宜。
Bayonet lug: 刺刀座。 有固定于枪管上、 木托上等不同设计。
Benchrest: 一种讲求绝对精确的步枪射击竞赛. 步枪置于射击台上, 有时并不抵肩, 只有扳机手指的接触. 弹着点常以几个千分之一寸的差异决定胜负. 其步枪枪匣, 枪管 , 弹药, 扳机重, 瞄准镜等都是特制的产品.
Berdan Primer: Hiram Berdan, 美国人, 发明柏丹底火, 底火基座与喷火口与弹壳一体成形, 如要重覆使用弹壳, 必须将底火基座钻出. 盛行于欧洲和军事上. (请点击下图以开启动画视窗)
Bedding: 座床. 在枪托和枪匣的金属之间, 使用金属或合成树脂垫隔, 以减少枪托移动和收缩的影响, 增加射击精度. 又可分为Glass Bedding 和 Pillar Bedding.
Bipod: 两脚架.
Blow back: 反冲式. 瓦斯回冲, 任用子弹发射时产生的瓦斯推力, 直接反作用于枪机, 将枪栓后推, 而达到自动作业的目的. (请点击下图以开启动画视窗)
Bluing: 金属表面蓝化 使用化学药品强迫钢铁表面均匀氧化生锈, 以产生保护层阻隔空气, 而达到抗腐蚀的效果. 虽说是蓝化效应, 大部份呈现黑色.
Boat Tail, Tapered Heel: 舟尾弹. 在弹头之后方稍微收缩, 作成有如舟尾的形状, 符合流体力学的原理, 减少空气对弹头凡黏滞(Drag)影响, 长距离飞行时不易偏向, 减少下落距离等. 常用在高级的弹头设计上. 简写为BT.
Bolt: 机簧管, 枪栓
Bolt Action: 枪栓手动式枪机
Bolt Carrier: 枪栓连动座. 近代半自动或全自动武器常用的设计. 是作业系统和枪栓间的介面, 由连动座带动枪栓遂行上弹, 闭锁, 开锁, 退壳等动作.
Boxer Primer: Edward Boxer, 英国人, 发明博舍底火, 底火基座与与底火合而为一, 如要重覆使用弹壳, 只要将底火打出. 盛行于美国, 易于重装弹药. (请点击下图以开启动画视窗)
Break in: 一种使机械零件经由使用, 因而咬合更佳, 稳定其功能的过程. 新的枪械也许有从制造过程残留的粗糙部份, 或是咬合太紧, 经过一阵使用, 通常是四五百发之后, 有些故障会自行消失, 表现也比较稳定.
Broach Cut Rifling: 拉切式产生来复线. 用多次, 多钻刀拉过枪管的方式, 逐渐产生所须的来复线阴槽深度. 1950年代, 由Remington 的工程师首创. 现今大多数高品质的枪管用此法生产.
Breech: 后膛, 指枪管在枪膛一端之后.
Breech loader: 后膛枪, 相对于Muzzle loader, 由枪膛一端装填子弹, 多半使用弹头和火药在一起的包装.
Buck Horn Sight: 牛角式照门. 一种形如牛角的照门, 亦如弯月, 多用在贡杆式步枪上.
Bull Barrel, Heavy Barrel: 重管. 管壁较粗的枪管, 增加枪管的坚硬度及减少射击时产生枪管过热的机会.
Bullet: 弹头, 射击时投射出枪口的部份.
Bullet Drop Compensator: 弹道修正钮, 某些光学瞄准镜上的一种调整钮, 上有距离刻度, 依弹药的特性, 选定目标距离后, 自动按照弹道修正弹着点. 简写为BDC.
Bullpup: 犊牛式(设计). 将弹匣移到板机后, 枪匣终端抵肩的设计, 大量缩短枪的总长度
Bump Loading：在装弹匣时，在开口处，以姆指按住一发子弹，将弹匣底往坚实的表面向下一敲，由於惯性力的作用，子弹很容易的进入弹匣，只能用在双向上弹的弹匣，例如AR、AK及M14等。
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearm: 美国联邦烟酒枪械局是一个对烟酒枪械徵税, 执法和释法的机构. 隶属于国际院下的财政部. 1972年由税务局分出. 它有自己的执法人员与FBI和DEA平起平坐. 简写为BATF 或ATF.
Butt Plate: 枪托底板.
Button Rifling: 钮扣式产生来复线. 用高压将一个形状和来复线相反的钮扣状物体, 挤过枪管内部而产生来复线.

C
Caliber: 口径. 弹头的直径, 常用来形容不同的弹药或枪械. 但是口径本身并不能提供完整讯息, 有时几种弹药听来相同但可能有极大的差异. 例如 .30 口径, .308 和 7.62mm并不代表完全一样. 反之 .300 和 .308可能是一样的, 只是一个量的是来复线阴线, 一个量的是来复线阳线.
Cam: 凸轮, 任何机械上的凸起部份, 其功能为将圆周旋转动作与直线运动互换.
Carbine: 卡宾枪, 马枪, 是一种枪管较短?重量较轻的步枪。原来是设计给骑兵使用的长兵器. 简单的定义是短步枪。 其长度随时代演进而愈来愈短. 目前大概以16寸为分野. 美国在二次大战时使用的卡宾枪, 是为了在手枪和步枪之间取一折衷, 而创造的一种特别武器.
Cartouche: 圆形烙印. 常见于军用武器, 为验收, 接收或配发单位印记.
Case, brass, shell: 弹壳
Case Hardening: 淬火， 金属表面硬化程序。 枪械中经常承受高压及易磨损的零件， 置于含碳的媒体中加热， 达成渗碳目的， 当金属加热至高温时， 急速冷却于水或油中， 金属分子会与碳分子在表面形成一层坚硬的保护面， 而其内部仍保持原有的弹性。 撞针通常须经淬火处理。
Center fire: 底火装在弹壳底部的中央, 必须使用撞针打击在弹壳底部中心的附近来击发子弹.
Chamber: 枪膛 枪管可填入子弹之处.
Charging handle: 拉柄. 供射击者以手拉动枪栓, 以便退壳, 上弹或备检.
Charge Loading: 桥夹灌装， 装填后桥夹弃而不用， 可以随时用零散的子弹将弹仓加满。 如Mauser、 M1903A1、 中正式、 SKS等。
Cheek Piece: 垫腮片. 用于步枪枪托上, 垫高脸颊, 使视线与瞄准镜自然对正.
Cartridge, Ammunition, Ammo: 枪子, 子弹
Choke: 一种装在散弹枪口内膛的圆管, 多为旋入式, 用来控制规律散弹分部区的大小, 以配合射击的目标. 有Full, Modified, Improved, Cylinder等. Full Choke密度最大, 在40码时, 65%-75%会集中在一个30寸的圆周内, Cylinder最分散, 40码时, 25%-35%会集中在一个30寸的圆周内. 越小的猎物用越分散的Choke.
Chrome Lined, Chrome Plated: 镀铬. 铬的硬度极高, 抗腐蚀性强, 润滑性也较钢铁为佳, 所以许多军用武器在枪膛中镀铬或在整支枪管内部镀铬.
Chronograph: 测速仪. 现代测速仪多使用电子钟及感光器侦测弹头进入及离开之瞬间以决定其飞行速度. 由弹头飞行速度综合其他数据可估算出其弹道.
Cleaning Rod: 通枪条
Click: 刻度. 原意为响声, 在调整瞄准镜以修正目标点时, 一个刻度俗称为一个Click, 有时为1/4 MOA, 有时为 1/8 MOA, 视装备而定. 美语中称小集团为Click.
Clip: 连珠子盒， 漏夹、 桥夹(现今有时与Magazine混用, 在插入式弹匣还不常见的时代, 备用的子弹通常装在弹□上, 以便需要时可以一次性的压入弹仓, 同时可以装填多发子弹. 其中又可以分为 Charge Loading 和 Clip Loading)
Clip Loading: 漏夹， 弹夹装填， 装弹时弹□跟着进入弹仓， 每次装填固定的数目， 不能在射击中加满； 子弹用尽后， 漏夹弹出或落出。 如M1888、 汉阳造、 Mannlicher M1886/88/95、 M1 Garand等。
Collimator, Bore Sighter: 枪瞠归零器. 使用光学原理, 产生一百码的目标投影, 用来将枪管延伸线与光学瞄准镜校正于同一点. 是快速归零的利器. 但此法不考虑弹道弧线, 因此尚须以实际射击作最后校正.
Composite: 混成材料. 一般泛指人工合成的材料, 用在手枪的枪身(Glock首开先河), 步枪的枪托(AR-15为首, 德国在二次大战时, 曾经试验过但未量产)和弹匣等. 如石墨(Graphite), Kevlar, 环氧基树脂(Epoxy)和玻璃纤维(Fibre Glass)等.
Computer Aid Design/Manufacturing: 电脑辅助设计和制造. 使用电脑软体来设计产品及生产, 可大幅缩短研发新产品时间, 易于修改及取得极佳的标准性. 简写为CAD/CAM.
Computer Numerical Control: 电脑数位控制. 以电脑数据为依据, 控制生产工具制造产品的程序. 简写为CNC.
Corrosive ammunition: 腐蚀性弹药. 弹药的腐蚀性来自所用的底火, 起爆药中含有氯酸钾, 发射之后分解残留的氯化钾和食盐氯化钠非常相近, 会吸附空气中的湿气而产生腐蚀金属的结果. 1950年起美国军方不再制造腐蚀性弹药. 相对于Non-corrosive ammunition.
Cold Forge: 冷锻造
Counter-bore: 在枪口部位， 将来复线磨去， 同时加大枪管内径。 其目的为：1. 修正损坏的Crown、 2. 附加枪口装置以符合法律规定、 3. 补助前膛火器装弹。
Crown: 一种特别枪管终端处理的方式, 使各来复线正常而平均的终止, 枪口并且稍为凹陷为斜坡或成山谷状, 以保护来复线. 在较好的枪械上, 特别还将来复线末端的阴线槽加深, 使弹头在出口时, 瓦斯汽均匀的向各方向泄出, 由于对弹头出口时的飞行路线有影响极大, 是高精确度枪械的一个要素.
Cryogenic: 冷处理(枪管)。 使用华氏零下300度的环境来冷却金属， 解除内部结构压力， 多用於枪管上， 据说可以增进精确度5到30%， 并延长枪管有效寿命， 减少射击时产生的金属污染。
Curio & Relic FFL: 古董和纪念品类武器执照. BATF出版一个古董和纪念品类武器(Curio and Relic)清单， 任何人都可以申请一张执照(Curio & Relic FFL- C&R FFL)， 每三年只付 $30。 可以越州购买清单上的武器。 一般而言， 制造日期在五十年以上的枪械， 都名列其上。
Cut Off: 上弹中断装置. 许多早期的连珠枪, 有中断弹匣上弹的装置, 当敌人仍远时, 打一发装一发, 只有在近战时, 才用弹匣作快速射击. 在廿世纪初的军用步枪上相当常见. 现今的Steyr Scout Rifle上仍有此一装置.
Cut Rifling: 切削式产生来复线. 使用单一钩状切刀, 慢慢的, 一条一条的制出来复线, 是最早的生产方式. 如今只有最精密, 最高级的枪管以此种方式生产.

D


Delayed Blow Back: 延迟瓦斯回冲

Ding: 凹痕. 木质枪托受到撞击时会产生凹陷, 可以用湿布和烫斗将木纤维扩张修整.

Direct Blow Back: 直接瓦斯回冲

Dominate Eye: 主视眼. 两眼中有一眼为主视眼, 所得到的讯息比另一眼较受大脑重视. 射手应以主视眼瞄准效果较佳. 将双手姆指对姆指, 食指对食指, 形成一菱形, 伸直在眼前, 双眼透过其中, 注视6尺外的一个目标, 将双手慢慢向眼睛移近, 目标要保持清楚, 手指形成的菱形会停在主视眼周边.

Double Action: 联动式击发。 手枪的板机可以直接完成扣下击铁和击发子弹两个动作的设计。 现代军用手枪多要求备有此项功能， 以便子弹一旦一击不发， 能有二度击发(Second Strike)的机会。 此功能首创于1851年的Robert Adams左轮枪。 其缺点为因需先完成压下击铁的动作， 扣扳机较费力， 影响射击准确度。

Dovetail: (如灵尾形的)接榫. 称照门, 准星等的一种安装方式. 日式步枪的两片枪托也是接榫在一起的. 可动词和名词用.

Drilled and Tapped: 在机匣或其他部分上钻洞而且车出螺纹, 以便加装其他附件, 多数用来锁定基庭.

Dry fire: 空枪射击. 用于练习, 枪中不装实弹, 有时使用假弹以保护撞针, 使射手熟习枪枝的一般机械操作, 板机和瞄准.

Dud: 不顺利击发的子弹. 最危险的是底火击发而火药不能燃烧, 弹头可能会卡在枪管中, 下一发便会引起炸膛. 遇到不击发的子弹时, 不要马上开膛退弹, 如有可能, 再击发一次(如DA之手枪), 否则应等待三十秒之后再开膛. 以免子弹在退膛时起爆燃烧, 引起事故.


E

Ejector: 弹壳钮. 退壳时弹壳钮在壳底向前推, 退壳钩向后拉, 因此弹壳出了枪膛之后, 会向侧方甩脱. 是辅助退壳的装置. 一般多在枪栓面上, 但AK系列的枪械, 则是用在枪匣上的一个凸起部位作为弹壳钮, 当弹壳随枪栓后退时, 其底部会撞上该钮而飞出.

Elevation: 高低调整. 枪械瞄准器具上, 纠正垂直方向弹着点的调整. 由于垂直误差多来自弹道弧线因距离而起伏, 故名为高低调整. 但凡是上下的偏差都可以用一样的方法来校正. 相对于Windage.

Epoxy: 环氧基树脂. 一种凝固后非常坚硬而且稳定的人造树脂, 号称塑胶钢. 一般分装为树脂和凝固剂, 使用前搅拌在一起, 以Devcon最为有名. 常用在枪械座床或枪托制造上.

Extractor: 退壳钩. 负责在退壳时钩住弹壳底缘, 使其随枪栓向后移动. 以便进行退壳.

Eye relief: 眼距. 在可以完全看到瞄准镜的目标时, 从目镜到射手眼睛的距离. 步枪一般在三至五寸之间, 手枪瞄准镜在十二寸至十五寸之间.


F

Falling Block: 起落式(闭锁), 利用上升和下降的闭锁机件, 来达到延迟开锁的效果. 多用在自动作业武器上, 如M1896, ZB26/30/Bren, P38及M9等. (请点击下图以开启动画窗)

Federal Firearms License: 联邦武器执照. 美国在1968年通过枪械管理法案, 扩张了管制的范围, 规定枪商必须要向联邦注册， 取得执照, 其中分成制造， 销售， 进出口等. 而且除了私人在同一州内转售外， 所有的枪械买卖必须经过有照的枪商。简写为FFL.

Feeding Ramp: 上弹坡道. 子弹由弹匣或弹仓进入枪膛时经过的一道斜面. 有时附于枪膛上, 有时附于枪匣.

Felt Recoil, kick: 感受后座力. 射手直觉感受到的后座力, 可能因枪械的重量及枪机作用方式的差异而不同.

Field Strip: 大部分解. 为了作射击后清洁保养而进行的枪械分解, 有时也可以藉此排除故障, 一般无须任何工具. 进一步的细部分解可能须要工具而应由专业人士进行.

Firing Pin: 撞针.

Flare: 照明弹或信号弹, 弹头发射后, 除燃烧发出强光外, 并以降落伞减缓下落之势, 以达暂时照明或指示地点的效果, 照明弹多由较大口径火器发射.

Flash Hider, Flash Suppressor: 防火帽. 装于枪口以减少射击时瓦斯燃烧产生的火光.

Flinch: 眨眼. 射击时, 因击发的爆音和后座力, 引起不自觉闭眼的反射动作. 影响瞄准点的稳定性.

Flintlock: □石枪. 老式枪械, 利用打火石与金属磨擦产生的火花, 引起发火盘中的火药燃烧, 延烧至枪管中的装药, 因而燃烧发射弹头. 大约在17世纪发明.

Fluting: 在枪管外部切削出沟槽, 此法并不增加枪管强度, 反而会减弱其坚硬度, 但增加其散热面积. 因而不易过热. 另一方面来说, 相等重量, 长度和口径的枪管, 有沟槽的较强, 因为它明显的会较粗, 以补偿被挖出的金属. HK之G3在枪膛中也作此沟槽, 目的在于易于退壳.

Flyer: 指射击时, 少数在远在弹群之外的弹着点. 其原因可能来自射手, 弹药或枪械. 如重复出现而且弹着点固定, 属于可纠正者.

Follower: 上弹板. 在弹匣中弹簧上端, 与子弹之间的介面. 用于推动子弹及施于适当的压力, 使子弹排列整齐. 现今多用塑胶材质, 其形状, 制造公差与进弹顺利与否, 有极大的关连.

Forcing Cone: 在枪膛中靠枪口的一端, 由弹壳口径渐减小到弹头口径的部份. 其起始部位在弹壳末端, 终于来复线起始部位, 一般枪械上必须有固定的长度, 以免子弹在进入来复线时不稳, 并导致瓦斯汽露到弹头之前, 影响精度. 但是在散弹枪上延长渐减的长度可以改善散弹的分部.

Forged: 锻造

Folding Stock: 折合式枪托:

Foot: 尺. 一尺为十二寸. 复数为Feet.

Foresight, Front Sight: 准头, 准星

Free float: 浮动枪管。 枪管不与木托接触， 可提高射击精度。

Frog: 刺刀皮套， 供刀鞘插入， 固定于腰带上。

Full metal jacket : 全金属铜头弹, 铜皮弹. 完全以铜皮包裹弹头前端的设计. 因国际海牙公约的限制, 军事上多用此种弹头. 穿透性最强. 简写为FMJ.

Fulminate: 雷汞， 白色。 中国旧称白药， 原为子弹底火、 地雷起爆药等的主要成份。 由水银、 硝酸和酒精制成。


G

Gas Operate: 气退式. 瓦斯操作, 将子弹发射时的瓦斯气体, 由枪管引导而出, 用这种高压气体来推动枪机, 以达成自动作业. (请点击下图以开启动画视窗)

Gauge: 量度散弹枪口径的单位, 以一磅重可以填满枪管的铅弹数目来代表其口径. 410口径的散弹枪是.41寸属于例外. 同时也用于泛称一般使用于度量的表, 如Head Space Gauge. 换算12 Gauge与尺寸方式如下, 计算不同Gauge时, 只要将12换为不同数字即可:

1磅铅的体积=453.6 g / 11.35 (铅之密度, 克/立方公分)=39.96立方公分

1颗12 Gauge铅弹圆球的体积=39.96/12=3.33立方公分

圆球体积求法=4/3 * Pi * (半径)* (半径)* (半径)

圆周系数Pi为3.1415

因此, 半径=(3.33*3/4)/ Pi 的3次方根(用小算盘工程模式的x^y功能, y为0.3333)=0.9264公分

直径=0.9264*2=1.8528公分 英寸=1.8528/2.54=0.729寸

28 Gauge为0.550寸, 8 Gauge为0.835寸.

Ghillie Suit: 奇利伪装服，是当前狙击手最基本的野战装备。 其起源是苏格兰地区的庄园猎区看守人(Game Keepers)。 他们的任务是逮住偷猎者(Poacher)。使用奇利伪装服使偷猎者以为四野无人， 当场给逮个正着。 以各种适合的布条， 布丝， 布片之类的东西， 以适合活动地区的色系为主， 阴暗的颜色为副。 其目的是创造三度空间的假象， 产生真正的阴影打散人体的外形。

Ghost Ring Sight: 幻影环照门, 使用一个大孔的细圆环作为觇孔, 置于枪匣上, 与平头刀片准星合用, 能使射手在各种光度下, 快速的取得目标而仍然提供高度的准确性.


Glass Bedding: 树脂座床. 在所有枪械(尤其是枪匣)与枪托的接触点, 挖去少许, 以硬树脂(Epoxy最为普遍, 亦有用金属者)取代, 以除去因枪托伸缩移动, 对精确射击的影响.

Grain: 重量单位. 15.43 grain为一公克. 多用于弹头和火药重量.

Groove: 来复线阴线槽. 枪管中最低处, 夹在来复线阳线之间. 两相对阴线槽之间的距离应等于弹头的外径. 相对于Land.

Grouping: 弹群. 射击时弹着点集中的程度. 以弹着点中心至弹着点中心(Center to Center, CTC)来度量其最大分配.

Gun Show: 枪展. 美国独特的一种枪械商业场所. 在一个场地内集中大量的枪商和爱枪者, 从事买卖收购胡说八道等等贸易行为. 有些城市禁止, 有些城市一个月内可以举行2到3次, 有如大拜拜.

Gun Slinger: 枪手. 源自美国西部开拓时期, 游荡或受雇于人的枪手. 美语中亦指不依循常规的人.


H

Half Cock: 半扣击铁. 许多单动手枪和贡杆式步枪可以将击铁半扣, 同时锁住板机而作为一种保险装置. 最早的用意是将击铁从子弹的底火部位移开, 以免因不小心撞击外露的击铁而造成意外走火.

Hammer: 击铁. 直接或经由撞针来打击子弹的底火使其击发.

Hammer Forge Barrel: 击锻式生产枪管. 使用一条有来复线相反形状纹路的钢条, 在钢条的外部锻造出枪管. 1930年代由德国人发明的大量生产枪管方式, 现今大多数枪管是用此方法生产的.

Hand Guard: 护木

Handgun, Pistol: 手枪

Headspace: 从枪栓面到枪膛抵住子弹处的距离. 步枪多为至弹肩, 底缘或弹环, 手枪多为到弹壳口或底缘. 为一重要的安全指标, 使用Headspace不符合标准的武器会引起膛炸或无法击发. 可用正确口径的Headspace Gauge测试.

Heavy Machine Gun: 重机枪, 使用较步枪更大型子弹, 可以全自动发射的武器, 主要用于防空, 反装甲和物资破坏等用途. 简称为HMG.

Hold over: 取前置量. 对移动之目标, 预估其位置而遂行瞄准的距离差值.

Hollow point: 空头弹. 包裹铜皮或不包裹铜皮, 其弹头中空, 目的在于使弹头击中目标后扩张, 增加杀伤力. 杀伤力可比拟更大口径的弹头, 同时避免穿透目标. 简写为JHP或HP.

Holosight: Bushnell制造的一种雷射瞄准镜, 使用抬头显示器的原理, 雷射回射到一片反射镜上. 对射手而言, 瞄准线有如浮在空中. 没有光学误差. 缺点是其瞄准线较粗. 见下图.


I

Inch: 寸. 一寸为2.54公分.

Inertia: 惯性作用. 直接回冲式作业系统的另一名称.

Investment Casting: 浇模铸造. 将溶化的金属浇入可重复使用的模具, 待泠却后打开模具, 可以得到非常接近最终成品的元件.

IPSC: 国际实用射击邦联(International Practical Shooting Confederation). 1950代源自美国加州的一种射击竞技, 大部份为手枪射击, 也有与步枪混合者. 邦联正式成立于1976年5月, 强调真实的射击状况, 准确, 速度和威力并重. 每一个射击状况称为场景(Stage), 几个场景合成为一个行程(Course). 其标靶为75cmx45cm而15cm为靶心, 大部份为近距离, 最远达45公尺. 所用的手枪必须是9公厘以上. 在世界60多个国家有分支机构, 包括菲律宾在内.

Iron sight, open sight: 对普通的照门和准星的通称, 相对于使用光学瞄准镜. 目前的照门和准星已经不一定是金属所制.


J

Jacket Hollow Point: 半包裹铜皮的空头弹. 目的在于使弹头击中目标后扩张, 增加杀伤力. 杀伤力可比拟更大口径的弹头, 同时避免穿透目标. 简写为JHP.

Jacket Soft Point: 半包裹铜皮的软头弹. 目的在于使弹头击中目标后扩张, 增加杀伤力. 杀伤力可比拟更大口径的弹头, 同时避免穿透目标, 其效果没有JHP好. 简写为JSP.

Jeweling: 在枪械没有蓝化的金属表面， 用像打磨珠宝一样的方式， 打磨出螺旋纹。 一来增加美观， 二来稍为增加表面的粗糙度， 使其较能留住机油， 达成抗锈的目的。 大多用在枪栓上， 因为该部活动频繁， 许多时候不加以蓝化处理。


K

Keyhole: 偏击孔洞. 当弹头因来复线不足以稳定其飞行时(例如缠距不正确、 损坏等), 行进中会产生翻跟斗的状态. 击中目标时会就造成了长形的孔洞.

Kurz: 德文, 短. 用于形容子弹的形态, 如Karabiner 98k(urz), 是二次大战中德国所用的毛瑟步枪全名. 全意为短的毛瑟卡宾步枪.


L

Laminated Stock: 二次大战之前,德国因为核桃木供应的问题,亟需寻找木托的代用品，其结果是以较便宜的桦木板，以高压结合，作为枪托的材料。虽然夹木枪托较核桃木稍重，但防水性更佳，强度也更好。唯一曾采用此种方式枪托的其他国家为俄国。 夹木枪托的特徵是枪托底部可见直线条纹，枪托柄有极明显的木纹。

and: 来复线阳线. 枪管中最高处, 有如山脊. 这是夹住弹头而造成旋转的部分. 相对于 Groove

Lapping: 往复打磨. 当枪匣供枪栓移动的沟槽不平行或不与枪管中心线对准时, 以含微粒的打磨剂往复打磨. 或装瞄准镜环时, 以往复打磨确定双环的中心与枪管中心线平行. 也用于枪管中以去除其粗糙部份. Hand Lapping为手工打磨, Fire Lapping为使用弹头沾了特殊打磨剂子弹, 以射击来打磨阴暗的枪管.

Limb Wristing: 手枪射击时手腕不锁定的问题, 严重时会造成退壳故障或不退壳.

Lever Action: 贡杆枪机

Lock time: 锁定瞬间. 在扣板机到击铁真正击发子弹时所需的时间. 射手必须避免身体和枪枝的任何移动, 锁定瞄准目标, 直到弹头射出枪管, 以使射击点不致偏移.

Locking Lug: 座力点, 枪栓闭锁卡榫

Long Stroke: 长冲程. 枪栓运动行程大于子弹长度之(半)自动武器.


M

Machine Gun: 机枪, 使用步枪或更大型子弹, 可以全自动发射的武器, 原设计为针对人员杀伤, 后来延用于防空, 物资破坏等用途. 简称为MG.

Magazine: 弹匣

Magazine Follower: 升弹板, 弹匣上弹时, 与子弹接触的底板.

Magazine well: 弹仓

Magazine well floor plate: 弹仓底板

Magnum: 加料装弹. 形容装药或(散弹)弹头超过平常标准的弹药, 通常代表更大的初速和更强的后座力. 也是2/5加仑葡萄酒的度量单位.

Match Grade: 竞赛级. 一般枪械产品常冠以Match以表示其品质优异, 可作为竞赛枪械用途. 更上一层为国家级竞赛商品(National Match), 最高级为超级竞赛商品(Super Match).

Matchlock: 火绳枪. 大约在15世纪中叶发明, 用一根浸过硝石溶液的火绳作为火种, 扣扳机时, 火绳推到火药盘里点燃火药. 下雨时有熄火之虑. 是新大陆拓展早期的主要武器. 葡萄牙人将之带到东方, 传入中国及日本.

Metal Finishing: 金属表面处理

Mil-dot: 1970年由美国海军陆战队发明, 用来估计目标的大小. 以Radian来度量一个圆周为6.28 (2xpi) Rad, 1 milliradian (mil)是 1/1000 Rad.
Tan(0.001)x100(码)x36(寸) = 3.6000012 (寸)
所以, 一个mil-dot的距离在在一百码是3.6寸. mil-dot常用在光学瞄准镜的刻度上, 在估计目标的大小后(例如人的身高), 判断与目标的距离以调整弹着点.

Mile: 哩. 一哩为1.609公里, 1760吗.

Milled: 车造. 用切刀从完整的金属块上切削制造成形. 现代车造产品多用电脑数位控制(CNC)制造.

MOA: Minute of Angle. 每一个圆周分为360度, 每一度分为60分. 因此每一个圆周有21600分. 在一个一百码半径的圆周边缘, 一分的角度涵盖的长度是1.047寸. (100 x 2 x pi = 628.32码(22619寸), 22619 / 21600 = 1.047) 也就是一个MOA. 一般称一寸在一百码凡距离为一个MOA, 一个MOA在二百码的距离就是二寸了.

Mold: 铸造模具, 铸造, 塑造, 铸造品.

Moly coating: 在弹头上涂装钡以增进润滑度及减少枪管污秽.

Monte Carlo Stock: 一种贴腮部份特别突起的枪托形式. 见下图.

Mono-pod: 单脚架。 用来稳定枪身， 辅助射击。 日本在二次大战末， 曾将单脚架设计为99式步枪的标准配备。

Muzzle: 枪口, 枪管上子弹射出的一端.

Muzzle Brake, Muzzle Check: 减退器. 装于枪口的装置, 以不同方向的开口, 引导子弹燃烧产生的瓦斯, 来减少后座力. 一般会增加射击时的噪音, 火光, 喷向周边的瓦斯也会使旁边的人产生不适.

Musket: 肩射之滑膛步枪. 相对于Rifle. 精确度在50公尺之内. 其战术运用以齐放为主.

Muzzle Loader, Black Powder Gun: 前膛枪, 火药枪. 有来复线者及滑膛枪均可使用之通称.

Muzzle Velocity: 初速, 子弹离开枪管时的速度. 是子弹速度最高的时候.


N

National Rifle Association(NRA): 美国步枪协会. 美国最大的支持私人拥有枪械组织, 成立之始以推广射击运动为目的, 近年来成为拥护宪法第二修正案, 私人有权武装的最大力量. 虽然其主张并不完全受到所有人的支持, 但因其拥有庞大的会员和财力, 已成为美国抵抗枪械管制立法的核心.

NFA Arms: 美国属于联邦管制的枪械, 其法令依据为1934年National Firearm Act, 简称NFA武器. 如机枪, 灭音器等.

NIB: 原装新枪. New In the Box的简写. 表示全新还在原厂包装盒中.

Non-corrosive ammunition: 非腐蚀性弹药. 指射击后不会产生对金属有腐蚀性物质的弹药, 主要是改变底火的成份, 最初以三硝基间苯二酚铅（Lead Styphnate）为起爆药, 为德国人所发明. 目前还使用硝酸钡(Barium Nitrate)及硫化锑(Antimony Sulphide)等, 无铅底火已经上市, 但是其对击发的反应不是很好, 所以其应用仍然有限.

O

Off-hand: 无依托射击.

Ogive: 弹头前端的倾斜部份. 是决定空气阻力的重要因素.

Open breech/Close breech: 开膛/闭膛(击发)

Optical Scope: 光学瞄准镜

Over and Under: 双管上下排列的枪械。 现多用于散弹枪， 一般较贵， 因制造上须配置两只枪管， 并使其取得高度的同轴性。 EAA及Savage生产将步枪和散弹枪以此种配置的组合长枪。

Overtravel: 板机在机簧释放后, 还可以持续的行程. 应调整至最小, 以避免手指的惯性动作影响瞄准点.


P

Parallax: 视差. 使用光学瞄准镜时, 由于物镜所形成的影像, 与十字线不成像于同一平面, 所形成的目标点光学误差. 由于对焦不正确所形成. 当眼距置于超过设计容许距离时, 此现象会更为严重. 避免方式有: 将瞳孔正对于十字线中心, 选择有物镜调焦的瞄准镜, 或是射击时, 确定瞄准镜的周边没有黑晕, 黑色圆环确为瞄准镜之镜筒.

Parkerizing: 金属表面磷化 以磷酸溶液处理金属表面, 使其附着一层磷化物, 以阻隔空气, 达到防腐蚀的效果, 此法较一般蓝化坚固持久, 多为灰色, 也有棕色和绿色者.

Pattern: 型式, 如英军二战中的Patter 37背包及弹带. Shot Gun Pattern, 散弹分部区的密度, 以Full, Modified, Improved, Cylinder等Choke控制规律. 见Choke.

Picantinny: 为一种美军标准瞄准镜基座的名称, 和Weaver Base相近. 由位在新泽西州的Picantinny Arsenal所首创.

Pillar Bedding: 金属柱座床. 在以螺丝钉将枪和枪托固定在一起的枪械上, 以金属管套在螺丝钉外, 然后黏着在枪托原来的螺丝洞中, 经由如此处理, 螺丝钉 不再锁在较软的枪托上而是锁在金属管上, 可避免枪托损坏, 伸缩等, 提高射击精度. 多与树脂座床合用.

Pistol Grip: 手枪式握把, 握把

Plinking: 打空罐头. 原字义为弄出叮叮当当的声音, 在野外射击时, 以空罐头为目标而打得叮当乱响. 沿伸为指一切非正式的射击. 相对于打靶(Target Shooting).

Point Blank Diameter & Range: 弹道学名词, 致命半径和距离. 弹道弧线与瞄准线在一指定范围内, 射手无须修正瞄准点而仍可击中目标的一段特定距离. 弹道弧线与瞄准线可允许的最大差异范围为致命半径, 而其涵盖的直线距离为致命距离. 日常用语指非常近的射击或不绕圈子的质问.

Primer: 底火.

Pump Action/Slide Action: 滑套枪机.

Pyrodex: 商标名, 黑火药代替品. 燃点较黑火药高, 较为安全, 产生的残留物较少, 因而枪枝较乾净. 但不能用在燧石火枪的点火盘中. 其使用量与黑火药按体积为1:1. 两者均有腐蚀性, 使用后须用水溶性清洁液清洗.


R

Range Finder: 测距仪(以往以光学仪器及三角数学来判断目标距离, 现代雷射技术既便宜又好, 在长程射击上判断距离非常重要, 用来调整瞄准点以配合弹道, 以目测来判断距离是狙击手必需拥有的能力.)

Ransom Rest: 瑞生枪钳. 一种用来测试枪械精度的钳座, 将枪械固定后, 操作板手发射, 完全免除人为的误差.

Rear Sight, Back Sight: 望牌, 线牌, 照门

Receiver: 机匣, 枪匣, 节套.

Recoil: 后座力, 由发射子弹所产生向相反方向的反作用力. 可分为后座力能量及感受后座力.

Recoil Anticipation: 由于预测射击时产生的后座力, 身体各部作出自觉或不自觉的反射动作, 例如步枪射击时突肩, 手枪射击时压枪等.

Recoil Energy: 后座力能量, 由发射子弹所产生向相反方向的总能量, 主要取决于子弹和枪口初速.

Recoil Operate: 管退式. 后座力操作, 利用子弹发射后, 必然产生向后的反作用力. 利用这个力量, 来达到自动操作的目的. (请点击下图以开启动画视窗)

Recoil Spring: 复进簧

Recticle: 瞄准线. 瞄准镜中的刻度, 用以辅助瞄准. 大多为十字线或其变化分支, 但也有德国式的柱状瞄准线, 及圆圈状, 圆点状等等.

Reloader: 重装子弹的机器.

Repeater: 连珠枪, 快枪, 重复供弹之枪. 在射击后无须在枪中置入新的子弹, 可由弹仓或弹匣中以机械操作的方式, 重新上弹.

Revolver: 左轮枪. 在枪管后置一转轮, 转轮中分为数个储弹槽, 子弹在槽中击发而后进入枪管, 再利用机械操作将轮中的下一发子弹转至枪管后方. 构造简单耐用. 是最早的一种多发武器. 美国人山姆. 柯尔特(Sam Colt)在1836年发明.

Rifle: 来复枪, 步枪 具有来复线及较长枪管, 主要用于肩射的武器. 有效射程较手枪为远.

Rifle Lines: 来复线, 膛线. 在枪管内部, 制出的纹路, 使弹头通过时被迫旋转, 从而达到稳定飞行路线的目的. 来复线的发明, 大大的增加了步枪的有效杀伤距离.

Rimfire: 底缘击发. 底火装在弹壳底缘, 击铁必须打击边缘的任何一处才能击发子弹. 现只用于.22口径的弹药.

Ring: 瞄准镜环. 用来固定瞄准镜. 或指标纸上不同分数的圆环.

Roller Lock: 滚轮闭锁

Round Nose: 圆头弹. 源自最初的子弹为圆球, 虽然穿透空气的能力不佳, 但是有上弹容易, 重量大等好处, 在较近距离射击的用途上, 仍然十分受欢迎. 简写为RN.


S

SAAMI: Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute, 美国运动武器及弹药制造商学院, 这不是一所学校而是一个商家联盟, 设立于1926年, 目前有七百多种火器和弹药的标准.

Safety: 保险装置. 枪械上的一种机械装置, 使其无法击发. 持枪者绝不能依赖保险作为安全的保障, 仍应遵守所有安全措施. 射击安全守则: 所有的枪枝都应以有子弹上瞠处理, 枪枝无论何时不可以对人(除非有意射击), 若非欲射击时, 手指不可置于扳机上, 非射击时, 枪机应保持开膛, 卸下弹匣.

Sear: 机簧. 板机部控制击铁的簧片. 扣板机时即松开机簧, 使击铁撞上撞针, 扣击铁时即由机簧将击铁制住. 全自动武器机簧上有保险槽, 半自动槽, 全自动槽或三发槽等位置, 由选钮调整.

Scope: 瞄准镜

Scout Rifle: 斥侯步枪. 一种轻便的步枪. 由古柏(Col. Jeff Cooper)上校首先倡导. 枪重6.5磅, 口径 .308 Win, 瞄准镜:2-3倍，装在枪膛之前, 有固定准星和照门作为备用,
枪管20寸, 用弹匣装弹.

Select fire: 全自动武器的另一名称, 由于其选钮可以选择射击模式而得名. 半自动武器则无法选择.

Semi-Automatic, Autoloader, Self-loader: 半自动. 在击发之后, 应用子弹的能量自动完成退壳, 上弹和扣下击铁的动作. 每扣一次板机只射击一发.

Semiwadcutter: 一种圆锥状平头弹, 设计目的也是在标靶上切出一个完整的圆洞, 有的空头弹也采用此设计. 简写为SWC.

Serial Number: 序号. 枪械在制造时厂商所赋于的独特号码, 是用来分办枪械制造年分, 特性, 所有权的重要资料. 欧洲厂商多在所有要件上烙印相同的序号, 以收藏价值而言, 以全部搭配齐全(All Matched)最佳, 美国厂商多只在枪匣上烙印序号. 损毁枪械序号在美国触犯联邦法律.

Shim: 垫片. 通常用在装置光学瞄准镜时, 为了保留瞄准镜内部调整给射击校正时用, 会在基座和镜环上用垫片来大致归零.

Shoot from the heap: 腰射. 多指西部枪手拔枪射击的方式. 一般美语中也用于不按牌理出牌的人和事, 或上级突如其来的指示.

Short Action/Long Action: 短/长枪机步枪。 枪厂为了生产方便， 按使用子弹长度， 定出标准长度的枪匣， 一般以2.8寸为分野， 分为短枪机， 如.22-250 Rem., .243 Win和.308 Win等， 长枪机， 如. .25-06 Rem, .270 Win, .280 Rem和.30-06等。 Savage为了生产方便， 1998年以前， 只有长枪机， 因此小子弹的弹匣须使用垫片。 此外还有Magnum (比长枪机更长, 更坚固)， Miniature(给.22口径使用)。

Short Recoil: 短后座力. 短后座力作业. 通常枪管只向后移动几公□, 又可细分为枪管减速(Decelerate)和枪栓加速(Accelerate)两类. 前者如1911A和几乎所有今天市场上的有名手枪, 等在枪管脱锁之后, 便卡在枪身上不再移动. 滑套则继续向后移动. M2五零机枪则属于枪栓加速型, 枪管经由贡杆原理将其部份推力转移枪栓上, 加速其后退. (请点击下图以开启动画视窗)

Short Stroke: 短冲程

Shotgun: 散弹枪

Shoulder Weapon: 肩射武器. 指可以抵肩射击的枪械.

Side by Side: 双管水平排列的枪械。 现多用于散弹枪， 也有老式猎枪采取此种设计， 一般较贵， 因制造上须配置两只枪管， 并使其取得高度的同轴性

Sight Radius: 瞄准基线. 指由照门到准星的距离, 越长越容易取得精确的结果.

Sight Picture: 瞄准像, 由照门, 准星到目标合起来的影像.

Sighting Plane: 指照门至准星间的枪身上部. 手枪滑套的上部, 多以磨沙处理, 以避免反光, 影响瞄准.

Silencer(Surpressor) : 灭音器、 消音器。 一种用来减少射击噪音的装置， 其设计原理为在枪管终端套上一个有许多小室的圆形长筒， 子弹通过时， 药气在小室中先行扩张， 当子弹出口时已无多余药气扩张或产生枪焰； 通常会影响射击的精度。 同时， 无法消除超音速弹药的音爆， 因此多配合次音速弹药使用， 以达最佳效果。 在美国属于管制品。

Single Action: 单动式击发。 手枪的一种击发形式， 在击发之前必须先以手指或拉滑套压下击铁， 使其进入待击状态。 许多现代的手枪可以双动和单动两用， 但因单动时板机较轻， 仍偏多于单动击发。 简写为SA。

Single Column: 单排式(在使用弹匣供弹武器中, 弹匣中子弹的上下直行排列, 这样的弹匣比较窄. M1911A1, P-38 等.)

Single Shot: 单发. 每击发一次, 必须向枪中装填一发子弹.

Skeet Shooting: 飞靶射击. 使用散弹枪射击抛射的黏土制飞靶, 模拟射击高飞的鸟类, 源自于1920年美国麻萨诸塞州(Andover, Massachusetts)的一群猎人, 以此练习其射击技巧. 其目标飞行方向以不同的角度和高度, 或是横过射手前方, 或是飞向射手. 是奥运会的竞赛项目.

Slam Fire: 当枪栓前进闭锁时, 引起子弹自动击发. 大多发生在半自动武器上. 其原因则多来自撞针的问题. 可能太轻或因不洁而卡住.

Slide, Frame: 滑套

Slide Action: 滑套枪机

Sling: 枪背带

Smoothbore: 光瞠枪. 最早的枪械和现代的散弹枪, 枪管中无来复线. 弹头飞行极为不稳, 有效射受到很大限制.

Sniper: 狙击手(Snipe是一种小鸟, 十分警觉, 在驻印英军中, 猎取Snipe是一种竞技性的运动, 不但枪法要好而且必须不惊动猎物, 后来神射手便延用此名而称为Sniper)

Soft point: 软头弹, 铜皮只包裹弹头的基部, 前端露出铅头, 其目的在于促成弹头在击中目标后得以扩张, 以加强杀伤力. 效果不如空头弹. 简写为JSP或SP.

Sporting Clay: 飞靶射击. 使用散弹枪射击抛射的黏土制飞靶, 包括Skeet和Trap射击.

Stacking Hook: 架枪钩. 军用步枪中多有此一装置, 让士兵在休息时将步枪架起, 一般以三枝为一组, 便于计数监看, 避开尘土. 毛瑟98系列步枪以通条外露部份作为架枪钩.

Stagger, Double Column: 交错排列式, 双排式. (在使用弹匣供弹武器中, 弹匣中子弹的排列左右交错, 可以在固定的长度里, 增加弹匣的容量, 但是这样的弹匣比较粗. 首先在白朗宁手枪中使用, 大多数现代手枪都用这一类型的弹匣. Glock 17, Sig Sauer 226, Beretta 92/96等)

Spitzer, Pointed Nose: 尖头弹. 较易于穿过空气, 减少空气阻力的影响, 德国人在M98毛瑟步枪首先采用, 简写为SPTZ. 相对于圆头弹.

Stamped : 冲压制造. 使用重压迫使金属成形, 开办费高但利于大量制造, 单价低. 产品不如车造坚实.

Stanag: 北大西洋公约组织成员国的协议标准. (Standard Agreement) Stanag Base为北大西洋公约组织的标准瞄准镜基座, 和Weaver Base相近, 但只有两道横槽.

Starlight Scope, Night Scope: 星光夜视镜:

Stellite: 商标名. 是一种含钡, 钨, 钴的钢材. 非常坚硬但又具有良好的弹性. 以往常用来作切削工具. 在枪械上, 常用在机枪等须要承受高压和高热的枪膛部位, 作为衬垫. 如美军的M60机枪.

Stove Pipe: 半自动武器退壳动作无法完成, 弹壳被垂直的夹在枪栓和枪膛之间, 弹壳口朝天, 有如烟囱.

Stripper: 桥夹片。 将散装子弹固定于簧片上， 以便于携带及用来一次性的压入弹仓或弹匣。 为毛瑟所发明。

Stock: 枪托. 以往主要使用木料, 如胡桃木(Walnut), 桦木(Birch)等, 但木材须经一年以上的乾燥处理才能使用, 以保证不卷, 不收缩, 不龟裂等等. 现代多有使用人造材料, 取其价廉物美, 成型容易, 性质稳定等特性.

Strong Hand: 惯用手, 相对于Weak Hand, 一般人为右手, 左撇子为左手, 应以此手操作枪械为主.

Submachine Gun: 冲锋枪, 手提轻机枪. 使用手枪子弹, 可以全自动发射的武器, 原设计是针对战壕中近距离的博斗, 提供强大的杀伤力. 简称为SMG.

Swivel: 背带环.


T

Tappet: 推捍. 指瓦斯作业系统的连动杆原理. 尤指短冲程系统.

Tack Driver: 钉孔枪。 指枪枝非常精准。

Tang: 枪托在枪匣后的握把位置.

Tang Sight: 装设于枪托握把位置的照门, 多见于老式步枪.

Tap: 单发快速射击。 Double Tap - 快速两发射击。

Tempering: 回火。 将金属在加温后缓慢降温， 以减少其脆性， 增加轫性。 相对于淬火。 冷处理也是一种回火。

Tracer: 曳光弹. 弹头内装有氧化剂和燃烧剂, 发射后一路燃烧, 可用来显示弹道, 机枪弹药中常与其他弹药搭配, 以显示弹着点.

Trap Shooting: 飞靶射击. 使用散弹枪射击抛射的黏土制飞靶, 其目标的飞行方向以不同的角度和高度, 远离射手, 是奥运会的竞赛项目. 其历史较久, 源自欧洲. 其名称来自抛射飞靶的机器.

Trigger: 板机

Trigger Guard: 护弓

Trigger Weight of Pull: 板机重. 扣板机到击发所需的力量.

Tripod: 三脚架.

Trajectory: 弹道弧线. 在正常情况下, 子弹出枪管之后, 由于不再受到火药燃烧所赋与的推力, 因空气阻力, 地心引力, 风力等因素逐渐落向地表. 其飞行路线之名称.

Turret: 炮塔, 机枪塔, 瞄准镜上的调整钮.

Twist Rate: 缠距. 枪管中来复线完成一个圆周所须的直线距离. 短距离者称为快(fast), 反之为慢(slow). 如在9寸内完成一周, 通常写为 1 in 9, 1:9 或 1/9 .

Two Stage Trigger: 二道板机. 军用枪械多用有二道行程的扳机, 第一道预备, 第二道才击发.

V

Varmint: 狐, 地鼠等小动物. 有非常灵敏的视觉, 听觉, 嗅觉等能力. 因此要猎取此类动物时, 只能由远距离射击(300码以上). 用在这一种射击的步枪, 称为Varmint Rifle. 特徵为精确度高, 口径不是太大(.308等以下), 枪管较长(26寸以上), 使用重管, 扳机较轻. 在进行这一类射击时, 射手多是以坐姿, 有依托的方式, 美国中西部常见此类发烧友, 使用像教室课桌的射击平台, 并上打遮阳伞, 在野外打地鼠(Prairie Dog). Varmint也引申为步枪精确之意. 此种步枪的精确度多足以作为狙击步枪.

Vent Rib: 中空散热突起。 多用于散弹枪管上， 使热量向两侧散发，不影响瞄准线的清晰度。


W

Wadcutter: 一种圆柱形平头弹, 多为铅弹, 主要用于射击竞赛, 因为可以产生一十分清晰的圆形弹洞, 简写为WC.

Weaver Base: 维佛基座. 一种在枪械上装置附件的系统, 有双轨和多个90度的横槽, 附件跨在横槽上以螺丝夹紧, 通常用来装置瞄准镜.

Weaver stance: 维佛射击姿势. 一种两手持枪, 双脚站成丁字步的战斗射击姿势.

Welding: 焊接

Windage: 风向调整. 枪械瞄准器具上, 纠正水平方向弹着点的调整. 由于水平偏移多来自横向的风力, 故名为风向调整. 但凡是左右的偏差都可以用一样的方法来校正. 相对于Elevation.


X

X-Ring: 标靶中心点. 有时会实际标以X.


Y

Yard: 码. 一码为三尺.


Z

Zero: 归零. 调整瞄准点使与弹道交会. 归零距离因口径, 枪械, 任务须要, 个人习性而定. 一般采一百码到五百码之间的整数.

Tags - gun , english , 英语 ]]> http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/174/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Sat, 15 Dec 2007 02:23:36 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/174/
The great city where he resided was very gay; every day many strangers from all parts of the globe arrived. One day two swindlers came to this city; they made people believe that they were weavers, and declared they could manufacture the finest cloth to be imagined. Their colours and patterns, they said, were not only exceptionally beautiful, but the clothes made of their material possessed the wonderful quality of being invisible to any man who was unfit for his office or unpardonably stupid.
"That must be wonderful cloth," thought the emperor. "If I were to be dressed in a suit made of this cloth I should be able to find out which men in my empire were unfit for their places, and I could distinguish the clever from the stupid. I must have this cloth woven for me without delay." And he gave a large sum of money to the swindlers, in advance, that they should set to work without any loss of time. They set up two looms, and pretended to be very hard at work, but they did nothing whatever on the looms. They asked for the finest silk and the most precious gold-cloth; all they got they did away with, and worked at the empty looms till late at night.
"I should very much like to know how they are getting on with the cloth," thought the emperor. But he felt rather uneasy when he remembered that he who was not fit for his office could not see it. Personally, he was of opinion that he had nothing to fear, yet he thought it advisable to send somebody else first to see how matters stood. Everybody in the town knew what a remarkable quality the stuff possessed, and all were anxious to see how bad or stupid their neighbours were.

< 2 >

"I shall send my honest old minister to the weavers," thought the emperor. "He can judge best how the stuff looks, for he is intelligent, and nobody understands his office better than he."
The good old minister went into the room where the swindlers sat before the empty looms. "Heaven preserve us!" he thought, and opened his eyes wide, "I cannot see anything at all," but he did not say so. Both swindlers requested him to come near, and asked him if he did not admire the exquisite pattern and the beautiful colours, pointing to the empty looms. The poor old minister tried his very best, but he could see nothing, for there was nothing to be seen. "Oh dear," he thought, "can I be so stupid? I should never have thought so, and nobody must know it! Is it possible that I am not fit for my office? No, no, I cannot say that I was unable to see the cloth."
"Now, have you got nothing to say?" said one of the swindlers, while he pretended to be busily weaving.
"Oh, it is very pretty, exceedingly beautiful," replied the old minister looking through his glasses. "What a beautiful pattern, what brilliant colours! I shall tell the emperor that I like the cloth very much."
"We are pleased to hear that," said the two weavers, and described to him the colours and explained the curious pattern. The old minister listened attentively, that he might relate to the emperor what they said; and so he did.
Now the swindlers asked for more money, silk and gold-cloth, which they required for weaving. They kept everything for themselves, and not a thread came near the loom, but they continued, as hitherto, to work at the empty looms.
Soon afterwards the emperor sent another honest courtier to the weavers to see how they were getting on, and if the cloth was nearly finished. Like the old minister, he looked and looked but could see nothing, as there was nothing to be seen.
"Is it not a beautiful piece of cloth?" asked the two swindlers, showing and explaining the magnificent pattern, which, however, did not exist.
"I am not stupid," said the man. "It is therefore my good appointment for which I am not fit. It is very strange, but I must not let any one know it;" and he praised the cloth, which he did not see, and expressed his joy at the beautiful colours and the fine pattern. "It is very excellent," he said to the emperor.

< 3 >

Everybody in the whole town talked about the precious cloth. At last the emperor wished to see it himself, while it was still on the loom. With a number of courtiers, including the two who had already been there, he went to the two clever swindlers, who now worked as hard as they could, but without using any thread.
"Is it not magnificent?" said the two old statesmen who had been there before. "Your Majesty must admire the colours and the pattern." And then they pointed to the empty looms, for they imagined the others could see the cloth.
"What is this?" thought the emperor, "I do not see anything at all. That is terrible! Am I stupid? Am I unfit to be emperor? That would indeed be the most dreadful thing that could happen to me."
"Really," he said, turning to the weavers, "your cloth has our most gracious approval;" and nodding contentedly he looked at the empty loom, for he did not like to say that he saw nothing. All his attendants, who were with him, looked and looked, and although they could not see anything more than the others, they said, like the emperor, "It is very beautiful." And all advised him to wear the new magnificent clothes at a great procession which was soon to take place. "It is magnificent, beautiful, excellent," one heard them say; everybody seemed to be delighted, and the emperor appointed the two swindlers "Imperial Court weavers."
The whole night previous to the day on which the procession was to take place, the swindlers pretended to work, and burned more than sixteen candles. People should see that they were busy to finish the emperor's new suit. They pretended to take the cloth from the loom, and worked about in the air with big scissors, and sewed with needles without thread, and said at last: "The emperor's new suit is ready now."
The emperor and all his barons then came to the hall; the swindlers held their arms up as if they held something in their hands and said: "These are the trousers!" "This is the coat!" and "Here is the cloak!" and so on. "They are all as light as a cobweb, and one must feel as if one had nothing at all upon the body; but that is just the beauty of them."

< 4 >

"Indeed!" said all the courtiers; but they could not see anything, for there was nothing to be seen.
"Does it please your Majesty now to graciously undress," said the swindlers, "that we may assist your Majesty in putting on the new suit before the large looking-glass?"
The emperor undressed, and the swindlers pretended to put the new suit upon him, one piece after another; and the emperor looked at himself in the glass from every side.
"How well they look! How well they fit!" said all. "What a beautiful pattern! What fine colours! That is a magnificent suit of clothes!"
The master of the ceremonies announced that the bearers of the canopy, which was to be carried in the procession, were ready.
"I am ready," said the emperor. "Does not my suit fit me marvellously?" Then he turned once more to the looking-glass, that people should think he admired his garments.
The chamberlains, who were to carry the train, stretched their hands to the ground as if they lifted up a train, and pretended to hold something in their hands; they did not like people to know that they could not see anything.
The emperor marched in the procession under the beautiful canopy, and all who saw him in the street and out of the windows exclaimed: "Indeed, the emperor's new suit is incomparable! What a long train he has! How well it fits him!" Nobody wished to let others know he saw nothing, for then he would have been unfit for his office or too stupid. Never emperor's clothes were more admired.
"But he has nothing on at all," said a little child at last. "Good heavens! listen to the voice of an innocent child," said the father, and one whispered to the other what the child had said. "But he has nothing on at all," cried at last the whole people. That made a deep impression upon the emperor, for it seemed to him that they were right; but he thought to himself, "Now I must bear up to the end." And the chamberlains walked with still greater dignity, as if they carried the train which did not exist.

Tags - english , article ]]> http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/155/ Marshal <admin@yourname.com> Sat, 08 Dec 2007 15:12:51 +0000 http://www.marshal.sh.cn/post/155/ Love at the first sight 一见钟情
如果表达某人对某人一见钟情
fall in love with sb. at the first sight
例如 He fell in love with her at the first sight.
注意,加定冠词the
fall fell 的词形变化即可
额外奉献"
be in love with sb.
爱上某人
Tags - 爱 ]]>